Functions in MySql

MYSQL FUNCTIONS
A Function is a predefined set of statements (program) to
accomplish a particular specified task. The functions work
on passed arguments and then return a value.
In MySQL, there are many categories of functions
depending on what type of arguments they work on:

Single Row Functions – They work with a single record at a

time and return a result for every record they work on.
[ i.e if it works on 5 rows, 5 rows of result will appear. ]
Group functions – They work with data of multiple rows
and they return a single result value for that group of rows.
[i.e. if it works on 5 rows, 1 row of result will appear.
 MYSQL FUNCTIONS
Categories of functions – depending on datatype of
parameters in work on:
• Numeric Functions
• String Functions
• Date & Time Functions
• Miscellaneous Functions
 Numeric Functions – Single Row Function
Function name Syntax Example Output
Power() / Pow() - it returns n1 Power (n1, n2) Select power(3,4); 81
raised to power n2 Select pow(3,4); 81
Select pow(qty,2)
from t2;

Mod() – it returns remainder on Mod(n1, n2) Select mod(49, 6); 1

n1 / n2
Sqrt() - it returns square root of Sqrt(n) Select sqrt(10); 3.1622
given number. Select sqrt(29.3); 5.4129
 Numeric Functions – Single Row Function
Function name Syntax Example Output
Round() – it returns the fractional Round(n1 ,n2) Select round(4567.672, 1); 4567.7
number rounded upto specified no. of Note: n2 is optional. It defines Select round(4567.672 , 0); 4568
places. [OR a whole number if n2 is the no. of places upto which Select Round(4567.211) 4567
not specified] the number is to be rounded.
If n2 is -ive , it means no Select Round(4567.298, -2) 4600
decimal place is required but to Select Round(4537.298, -2) 4500
the left of decimal, whole
number upto n decimal places is
required keeping in rounding
policy in consideration.

Truncate() - it returns the Truncate(n1,n2) Select truncate (4567.672, 4567.6

1);
fractional number upto Zero Note: n2 is compulsory. It defines
the no. of places upto which the Select truncate (4567.672); 4567
or specified no. of places w/o number is to be truncated. Select truncate(4567.56,-2) 4500
rounding If n2 is -ive , it means no decimal
place is required but to the left of
decimal whole number upto n
decimal places is required. No
rounding policy is considered.
 String Functions – Single Row Function
Lower() / Lcase()- it returns string in lower case
Syntax: Lcase(string / FieldName)
Lower(string / FieldName)
Eg:
Select lower(“ABC”);
Select lower(colname) from students;
 String Functions – Single Row Function
Upper() / Ucase()- it returns string in CAPITAL case
Syntax: ucase(string / FieldName)
upper(string / FieldName)
Eg: Select ucase(string / Fieldname);
Select upper(Fname) from students;
 String Functions – Single Row Function
Length(str/fieldname) – returns no. of characters in specified
parameter include spaces and any special character.
Syntax: Length(String / Fieldname)
Eg: Select length(“ Functions in MySQL “);
Select name, length(name) from students;
 String Functions – Single Row Function
left(str/FieldName,n) – returns n characters from extreme left of
str / Fieldname Value
Syntax: left(string / FieldName , n)

Eg:
Select left(“ Function”,4) ; Fun
Select left(name,2) from students;
 String Functions – Single Row Function
right(str/FieldName,n) – returns n characters from
extreme right of str / Fieldname Value
Syntax: right(string / FieldName , n)
Eg: Select right(“ Function”,4) ;
Select right(name,2) from students;
 String Functions – Single Row Function
Substring/substr/mid(str,n1,n2)- returns n2 no. of characters from str starting from
n1 index no. n2 is optional, if not given it returns a string starting from character at
n1 index no to end of string. If n1 is a negative number, it starts from back of the
string. Note: [in SQL indexing starts from 1]

Syntax: select substring(“ String” / Fieldname,n1, n2);

Eg: select substring(“ABC-123”,2,4);

select mid(“ABC-123”,4);
select substr(name,4) from students;
 String Functions – Single Row Function
Instr() – returns index no. of first occurrence of substr in given
str. [NOTE: index no starts from 1]
Syntax: Instr(str, substr)
Eg: Select INSTR(“Prevention is Better than Cure”, “e”) ;-> 3
Select instr(name,”et”) from students;l
 String Functions – Single Row Function
Ltrim(str) – removes spaces from extreme left ANU Sharma
Rtrim(str) – removes spaces from extreme right
Trim(str) – removes spaces from extreme left & right both
 Date Functions – Single Row Function
Curdate() – returns current date in yyyy-mm-dd format as a String Value
Now() – returns current date & time
Sysdate() – returns current date & time Difference b/w NOW() Vs SYSDATE()
NOW() function returns the time at
Eg. Select curdate(), now(), sysdate(); which the particular statement began to
execute whereas SYSDATE() function
returns the accurate time at which the
statement executes.

Note:Presentation
Recorded on 30/03/2020
 Date Functions – Single Row Function
dayName(date) – Returns the name of Day for specified date i.e.
Sunday, Monday etc.
MonthName(date) - Returns the name of Month for specified date
i.e. January, February etc.
dayOfWeek(date) – Returns 1 – 7 depending upon day number for
week day. [Note: Sunday is day 1]
 Date Functions
Date() – returns date part
– Single Row Function
Syntax: date(dateTimeStamp)
Eg: Select date(now());
Month(date) – Returns month number from specified date.
year(date) – Returns year part from specified date.
day(date) –returns day of month from given date.
dayOfYear(date) – Returns day number of the year from specified date.
 Date Functions – Single Row Function
Hour(date) / minute(date) / second(date) –
returns hh, mm, ss from time portion of date

Note: Presentation Recorded on

30/03/2020 . Statement Executed
@ 4:15:34 p.m.
 Aggregate Functions
AGGREGATE / STATISTICAL / GROUP / MULTI-ROW FUNCTIONS :
These functions work on a group of rows and return a single
value. They ignore null values.

Note: Table students with given data will be considered for Examples.
 Aggregate Functions
Sum(fieldName)-returns sum of given fields’ values.
Min(fieldName)-returns Lowest of given fields’ values.
Max(fieldName)-returns highest of given fields’ values.
Avg(fieldName)-returns average of given fields’ values.
Syntax:
Select groupFunctionName(ColName) from tablename [where <condition>];
 Aggregate Functions
Count(*) – it counts number of records that are displayed in
specified select statement.
 Aggregate Functions
Count(colname) – it returns counts of records that are have some
value under that column in specified select statement.
 Aggregate Functions
Count(distinct ColName) – it counts number of distinct values i.e.
repeating value counted only once in specified select statement.