THE EARTH

THE EARTH
THOUGH TIME
THOUGH TIME

INTRODUCTION TO
GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE
WHAT DO YOU NOTICE?
INTRODUCTIO
FOSSILS
N
Are the remain or
evidence of
prehistoric plants
and animals that
have fossilized.
Fossils were used
as markers when
building up the
 BIOSTRATIGRAPHY
CORRELATION
A scientific method
that enables the
determination of the
geological age and
position of rocks,
geologic events and
processes by
comparing sets of
 ABSOLUTE
DATING
Give rocks an
actual date or date
range in numbers
of years.
RELATIVE
DATING
Used to arrange
geological events,
and the rocks they
leave behind, in a
 WHAT IS GEOLOGIC TIME
SCALE?
• It is the “CALENDAR”
for events in Earth
• It provides a system of
History.
chronologic measurements
relating stratigraphy to
time that is used by
geologists, paleontologists,
and other Earth scientist to
describe the timing and
relationships between events
that have occurred during the
history of earth
WHAT IS GEOLOGIC TIME

SCALE?
 A. EONS
The largest intervals of geologic
time. A single eon covers a period
of several hundred million years to
billion years.. The history of the
earth has been divided into three
eons: (Hadean), Arhaean,
 B. ERAS
It is the subdivision of eons. The
geologic time scale is divided into three
eras– Paleozoic (Time of Ancient Life),
the Mesozoic (Time of Middle Life) and
the Cenozoic (Time of Recent Life).
 B. ERAS FROM OLDEST TO
YOUNGEST

NAME OF ERA TRANSITION EVENTS MA

First appearance of organisms
541 million to 250
Paleozoic Era with hard parts – specific
million years ago
event: The Cambrian Explosion
Extinction of over 90% of living 250 million to 65
Mesozoic Era
organisms including trilobites million years ago
Extinction of dinosaurs and 65 million years ago to
Cenozoic Era
many other organisms the Present
 C. PERIODS
The basic unit of geologic
time. A period lasts ten of
millions of years, which is
the time it takes to form
one type of rock system.
 D.
EPOCHS
Also referred to as
“SERIES”, are the
subdivisions of
PRECAMBRIAN
 PRECAMBRIA
PRECAMBRIA
• N
N
Also known as “Age of Early life”

• The Precambrian encompasses the Archean

and Proterozoic eons, which are “formal”
geologic intervals that lasted from 4
billion to about 542 million years ago.

• The Hadean Eon, which is an “informal”

interval spanning from 4.6 billion to 4 bya.
 PRECAMBRIA
PRECAMBRIA
N the Precambrian,
N
-During continents formed
and our modern atmosphere developed,
while early life evolved and flourished.
-It is the generation of oxygen in the primitive
atmosphere and initialization of complex life.
-Soft-bodied creatures like worms and
jellyfish lived in the world’s oceans, but the
land remained barren.
• PRECAMBRIAN were divided into 3 Eons, includes:
 A. H
A. HADE
ADEANAN (4.
(4.6-4.
6-4.00 BIL
BILLLIO
IONS
NS YE
YEARS
ARS
AGO
AGO ))
• It is the formation of our Planet Earth

• The name “Hadean” comes from Hades,

the ancient Greek God of the underworld
due to the “hellish” conditions on Earth at
that time: the planet had just formed and
was still very hot due to high volcanos, a
partially molten surface and frequent
collision with other Solar System bodies.
B. ARCH
B. ARCHEEAN
AN EEO
ONN (4.
(4.00-2.
-2.55 BIL
BILLLIO
IONS
NS
YEARS
YE ARS AGO
AGO))
• It is the time that the
Earth Crust had
cooled enough to
allow the formation of
continents and life
started to form
• Some of the major highlights of
the Archean Eon include:
MAJORR H
MAJO HIGH
IGHLLIGH
IGHTS
TS O
OFF TH
THEE ARCH
ARCHEEAN
AN
EEOON:
N:
1. Ocean and Continent- because Earth
cooled down, it was able to support oceans
and continents
2. Banded iron information- oxygen filled
the oceans from cyanobacteria. Interestingly,
most of the world’s iron are deposits were
produced in this eon from banded iron
information.
MAJORR H
MAJO HIGH
IGHLLIGH
IGHTS
TS O
OFF TH
THEE ARCH
ARCHEEAN
AN
EEOON:
N:
3. Ozone Layer- eventually, the ozone layer
forms. This slayer of protection was essential
for life to form.
4. The existence of water is along in rock
inside the crust. Because Earth Interior
contains minerals with hydrogen and oxygen,
volcanoes continually “degassed” releasing
H2O as water vapor. In other words, this eon is
where water occurs or its origin.
C. PPRO
C. ROTE
TEROZ
RO ZO
OIC
IC EEO
ONN (2.
(2.55 BYA-541
BYA-541
MYA)
MYA)
• The existence of
Bacteria, Algae, and
Jellyfish

• It is the longest eon in

Precambrian

• Significant events during

Proterozoic eon are:
 SIGNIF ICANT E VE NTS DU
SIGNIF ICANT E VE NTS DU RING RING
P RO T E RO Z O IC E O N:
P RO T E RO Z O IC E O N:
1. THE GREAT OXYGEN EVENT- it is when
the Earth atmosphere and the shallow
ocean first experience a rise amount of
oxygen.
2. SNOWBALL EARTH- it is the hypothesis
propose that, during one or more of Earth
icehouse climates, the planet’s surface
became entirely or nearly entirely frozen.
 SIGNIF ICANT E VE NTS DU
SIGNIF ICANT E VE NTS DU RING RING
P RO T E RO Z O IC E O N:
P RO T E RO Z O IC E O N:
3. FORMATION OF THE SUPERCONTINENT
RODINIA- a supercontinent that assembled 1.26-
0.90 billion years ago. Also known as, the oldest and
first supercontinent formed.
4. THE EVOLUTION OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS AND
OF MULTICELLULAR CELLS- Multicellular
organisms evolved from unicellular eukaryotes at
least 1.7 billions years ago. Some unicellular
aggregates appear to represent an evolutionary
transition from single cells to multicellular organism.
PHANEROZOIC
PHANEROZOIC
EON
EON
THANK
YOU!