Planning Techniques for Urban Dev.

Legal framework (Act) – Decentralisation process

Development Plan preparation/process

Approving Authority

Land Use

Survey techniques

Land Assembly process

Planning Norms and Standards – DCR, Building byelaws, etc.

Public participation
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 Planning
Planning Techniques
Tools forDesign
for Urban Urban Dev.

Tools/Techniques may relate to:

 surveys for collection of data

 assessment of existing conditions of a settlement

 analysis and mapping of data

 projections of future requirements

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Global Concern for Local Action
• United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
(UNCED), OR Rio Summit/Rio Conference/Earth Summit held in Rio-
de-Janeiro in June 1992

• Rio Summit developed a consensus to promote local actions which

have specific role for local governments with the overall
understanding that national issues have local solutions

• Urban Local Governments (ULGs) across the countries have acquired

specific powers and functions in the areas of environment, social and
economic development, slum upgrdation and comprehensive
planning*, etc.

*A comprehensive plan is a land use document that provides the framework and
policy direction for land use decisions

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Global Concern & Indian Decentralization
• ULGs hold the key to achieve national objectives for social and
economic development

• Global policies have concentrated on decentralization and

empowerment of Urban Local Government

• India has made special efforts to decentralize power to strengthen

local governments

• 74th Constitution Amendment Act (CAA), 1992 – guided the urban

sector in India to decentralize the powers and administration upto
grassroot level

• 74th CAA initiated a historic reform in Urban India to strengthen

political process at local level

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74th CAA

74th CAA, 1992 demands devolution of planning function to

local authorities and involvement of people in the planning
process; administratively and professionally it is expected that
the system should provide for a long-term policy plan, a mid-
term comprehensive plan further integrated with budgetary
process and divided into projects for implementation,
monitoring and review

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URDPFI

• In the spirit of 74 CAA, 1992, Urban Development Plan

Formulation and Implementation (UDPFI) Guidelines,
prepared by the Institute of Town Planner, India (ITPI), in
1996 (under the Union Ministry of Urban Affairs & Employment,
GoI)

• UDPF is revised as URDPFI in 2014

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Urban Planning & Development

The laws and regulations governing the planning and management of

urban areas are enacted by State legislatures

Master Plans for various cities have been prepared under the State
Town Planning Laws

12th Schedule of Article 243 W(a) of 74th Constitution Amendment Act

(CAA), 1992, envisages Municipalities to perform urban planning
functions.

Urban planning regulations are necessary for smooth functioning of

urban land markets (such as classification of land use, sub-division of land,
DCR (Development Control Regulations), development of land, construction of
buildings, acquisition of land, registration of title, etc.)

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12th Schedule lists 18 Subjects to Municipalities
Urban Planning & Regulation of Land use
Urban Planning & Regulation of Land use Planning for Social and Water Supply for domestic
and construction of Planning for Social and Water Supply for domestic
Town Planning and construction of Economic development Industrial and commercial
Town Planning building Economic development Industrial and commercial
building

Public Health, sanitation Urban Forestry, protection of the

Public Health, sanitation Urban Forestry, protection of the
Conservancy and solid waste Fire Service Environment and promotion of
Conservancy and solid waste Fire Service Environment and promotion of
Management Ecological aspects
Management Ecological aspects

Safeguarding the interest of weaker sections Urban Poverty

Safeguarding the interest of weaker sections Slum improvement Urban Poverty
of society, including the handicapped and Slum improvement Alleviation
of society, including the handicapped and And upgradation Alleviation
Mentally retarded And upgradation
Mentally retarded

Provision of Urban Provision of Cultural, Educational

Roads and Bridges Provision of Urban Provision of Cultural, Educational
Roads and Bridges Amenities and Aesthetic Aspects
Amenities and Aesthetic Aspects

Burial, Cremations and its

Burial, Cremations and its Cattle Ponds; Prevention of Registration of Births
Grounds, electric crematorium Cattle Ponds; Prevention of Registration of Births
Grounds, electric crematorium Cruelty to Animals and Deaths
Etc. Cruelty to Animals and Deaths
Etc.

Public amenities including street Lighting, Regulation of Slaughter Houses

Public amenities including street Lighting, Regulation of Slaughter Houses
Parking Lots, bus stops and public conveniences and Tanneries
Parking Lots, bus stops and public conveniences and Tanneries

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 Decentralisation of Plan

• Urban Development Planning System consists of a set of five

inter-related types of plans
(as per URDPFI Guidelines, 2014):

1. Perspective Plan (long-term plan for 20-30 years)

2. Development Plan or Regional Plan (Five Yearly Plan)
3. Local Area Plan & Special Purpose Plan (mobility, slum,
sanitation etc.,)
4. Annual Plan; and
5. Plans of Projects/Schemes

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Types of Plan
1. Perspective Plan - a long term (20-25 years) written document
supported by necessary maps and diagrams providing the state
government goals, policies, strategies and general programmes of
the urban local authority regarding spatio-economic development
of the settlement under its governance

2. Development Plan or Regional Plan (Five Year Plan) –

conceived within the framework of the approved perspective plan,
is a medium term (generally five years) plan providing
comprehensive proposals for socio-economic and spatial
development of the urban centre indicating the manner in which
the use of land and development therein shall be carried out by the
local authority and other agencies

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 Types of Plan
3. Local Area Plan & Special Purpose Plan:
 City Mobility Plan: to be prepared in 1 year with planning period
of more than twenty years -plan should be revised and updated in
every five years

 City Sanitation Plan (CSP): a vision document on sanitation with

twenty to twenty-five years horizon with short term town level
action plans for 3-5 years to achieve sanitation goals - plan shall be
reviewed along with Development Plan

 Slum Redevelopment Plan: to be prepared for 10-15 years -

should be reviewed intermediate with Development Plan

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Urban Development Planning

4. Annual Plan – conceived within the frame of development

plan, is a plan containing the details of new and ongoing projects that
the local authority intends to implement during the respective
financial year and for which necessary fiscal resources shall be
mobilised through plan funds and other sources

5. Plans Projects/Schemes – conceived within the framework of

approved Development Plan/Five-Year Plan. These are the detailed
working layouts with all supporting infrastructure and documents
including cost of development, source of finance and recovery
instruments for their execution by a public or private agency

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Plan Formulation
• Plan Formulation consists of drawing up of alternative
concepts of planning taking into account:

a. aims and objectives,

b. project requirements,
c. planning principles/theories,
d. planning techniques and
e. norms and standards
f. Government policies

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Approval of Plans

Plan Approving Authority Time

(months)
Perspective Plan State Government through the State 10
Chief Planner
Regional Plan State Government
Development Plan Municipal Council/Corporation 7
Annual Plan Municipal Council/Corporation / 3
Development Authority
Local Area AMRUT 12
Plan/Special Purpose
Plan
Schemes/Projects Municipal Council/Corporation / 1
Development Authority

Source: URDPFI, 2014

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 Levels of Planning (in India)
• Levels of Planning
Unit: the country – Union of 29 States and 7 Union
National
Territories (UTs)

Unit: State/UT
Sub-National
Unit: District – a key unit of third level of
planning, this unit is nearest to the grassroots level
District
(town/village) where adequate information necessary
for planning are readily available
Unit: Municipality (town/city level) / Panchayat
Local (village level)
District , a creation (1772) of the British rule in India, for assessment and collection
of land revenue, administration of justice and maintenance of law and order, it
functioned as administrative unit. There are 640 districts in India (Census of India,
2011) (780 in 2022)

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Levels of Planning
• Perspective / 5-Year / Annual Plans will be prepared at:

i. National level by NITI* Aayog (earlier Planning Commission

of India)
ii. State level by NITI Aayog (State Level) (earlier State Planning
Commission)
iii. District level by District Planning Committee
iv. Local level by Municipality (in some places by the Town and
Country Planning Organization or by Development Authority)

*NITI – National Institution for Transforming India

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Plan Formulation
General Process of Planning

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Site Specific Needs of Few City Types

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 Identification of Projected Requirements/
Needs
…projected requirements of various activities, supporting
infrastructure and land as the basic input for plan formulation

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Reference

• GoI (2014): URDPFI Guidelines – I.

• GoI (1992): 74th Constitution Amendment Act

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