ATAL BIHARI VAJPAYEE

VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BILASPUR
To p i c : S TA N D A R D D E V I AT I O N I N
B I O S TAT I S T I C S

DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATIVES

SUBJECT: “MB-102: BIOINSTRUMENTATION AND BIOSTATISTICS”
SESSION: 2024-2025

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

SEEMA BELORKAR URWASHI SIDAR
(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR) M.Sc. 1ST SEMESTER
CONTENT:

Introduction to Standard Deviation

1. Definition of Standard
2. Deviation

Calculation of Standard Deviation (Individual Series)

3. 4. Calculation of Standard Deviation

(Discrete Series)

5. Types of Standard Deviation Calculation 6. Actual Mean Method

Advantages and Disadvantages of

7. Assumed Mean Method 8. Actual Mean and Assumed Mean
Methods

9. Examples of Standard Deviation Calculation 10.Conclusion and Key Takeaways

Introduction to
Standard
Deviation
Standard deviation is a key measure of dispersion in statistics. It
quantifies the spread of data points around the mean. A lower
standard deviation indicates data points are clustered closely
around the mean, while a higher standard deviation suggests more
spread out data.
Definition of Standard
Deviation
Standard deviation represents the average distance of each data point
from the mean. It provides insights into data variability and helps us
understand how representative the mean is of the overall dataset.

1 Essential Tool 2 Quantitative Measure

Used to analyze data, make Used for analyzing numerical
comparisons, and assess risk. data, representing the
deviation of data points from
the mean.

3 Interpret Data
Helps identify outliers, understand data distribution, and draw
conclusions from data analysis.
Calculation of Standard Deviation (Individual Series)
To calculate the standard deviation for an individual series, we follow a specific set of steps. These steps involve calculating the mean, deviations from the mean, squaring the
deviations, and finally calculating the square root of the average of squared deviations.

1 Step 1: Calculate Mean

Sum all the individual data points and divide by the total number of data points.

2 Step 2: Calculate Deviations

Subtract the mean from each individual data point. These deviations are positive or negative, depending on the data point's position relative to the mean.

3 Step 3: Square Deviations

Square each deviation. This step eliminates any negative signs, ensuring that all deviations contribute to the overall standard deviation.

4 Step 4: Calculate Sum of Squared Deviations

Sum all the squared deviations. This sum represents the total squared deviations from the mean.

5 Step 5: Calculate Variance

Divide the sum of squared deviations by the number of data points. This gives us the variance, a measure of how spread out the data is.

6 Step 6: Calculate Standard Deviation

Take the square root of the variance. This gives us the standard deviation, a measure of the average distance of data points from the mean.
Calculation of Standard Deviation (Discrete Series)
Calculating standard deviation for a discrete series involves similar steps, but instead of individual data points, we work with frequencies of each
data point. This takes into account the occurrences of each value in the data set.

Step Description

1 Calculate the mean (x̄) of the discrete series.

2 Calculate the deviations (x - x̄) of each data point from the mean.

3 Square each deviation (x - x̄)².

4 Multiply each squared deviation by its corresponding frequency (f).

5 Sum the products of squared deviations and frequencies (Σf(x - x̄)²).

6 Calculate the variance (σ²) by dividing the sum from step 5 by the
total number of data points (N). σ² = Σf(x - x̄)²/N

7 Calculate the standard deviation (σ) by taking the square root of the
variance (σ²). σ = √(Σf(x - x̄)²/N)
Types of Standard Deviation Calculation
There are two common methods for calculating standard deviation: the Actual Mean method and the Assumed Mean
method. Both methods lead to the same result, but the Assumed Mean method can simplify calculations when
dealing with large datasets.

Actual Mean Method Assumed Mean Method

In this method, the actual mean of the dataset is Here, we assume a convenient value as the mean. This
calculated directly. It's a straightforward approach, but simplifies calculations, especially when working with
it can be cumbersome for large datasets. large datasets or data with a large number of decimals.
Actual Mean Method
This method directly calculates the mean of the data and uses it to calculate the deviations. It's a simple and straightforward approach, but it can be time-consuming for larger datasets.

Step 1: Calculate Mean

Sum all data points and divide by the total number of data points.

Step 2: Calculate Deviations

Subtract the mean from each individual data point.

Step 3: Square Deviations

Square each deviation.

Step 4: Calculate Variance

Divide the sum of squared deviations by the number of data points.

Step 5: Calculate Standard Deviation

Take the square root of the variance.
Assumed Mean Method
This method utilizes an assumed value for the mean. It can simplify calculations, especially for large datasets or
data with many decimal places. We adjust the deviations from the actual mean using the assumed mean.

Step 1: Assume a Mean Step 2: Calculate Step 3: Square Deviations

Deviations
Choose a convenient value for Square each deviation (x - A)².
the assumed mean (A). This Subtract the assumed mean (A) This step ensures all deviations
value should be close to the from each data point (x), contribute positively to the
actual mean, simplifying resulting in deviations (x - A). overall standard deviation.
calculations.

Step 4: Calculate Variance Step 5: Calculate Standard Deviation

Use the formula for variance, considering both the Take the square root of the variance (σ²). This gives
assumed mean and the actual mean (x̄). σ² = Σf(x - us the standard deviation, a measure of data spread
A)²/N - (x̄ - A)² around the mean.
Advantages and Disadvantages of
Actual Mean and Assumed Mean
Methods
Both the Actual Mean and Assumed Mean methods provide accurate results, but each method has its advantages
and disadvantages, making one method more suitable than the other in certain situations.

Actual Mean Method Assumed Mean Method

Advantages: Simple and straightforward. Advantages: Simplifies calculations for large datasets,
Disadvantages: Can be time-consuming for large especially those with many decimal places.
datasets. Disadvantages: Requires an extra step to adjust for the
assumed mean.
Examples of Standard
Deviation Calculation
Let's explore concrete examples of calculating standard deviation
using both the Actual Mean and Assumed Mean methods. These
examples illustrate the steps involved and demonstrate the
differences in approach between the two methods.

Example 1 Example 2
Calculate the standard Calculate the standard
deviation of the following data deviation of the following data
set: 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, using set: 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, using
the Actual Mean method. the Assumed Mean method with
an assumed mean of 35.
Conclusion and Key Takeaway
Standard deviation is a fundamental concept in statistics, crucial for
understanding and analyzing data. It provides a numerical measure of the
spread of data points around the mean, allowing us to interpret variability and
make informed decisions based on the data.

1 Measure of Spread 2 Data Variability

Standard deviation quantifies It helps us understand how
the spread of data points around representative the mean is of
the mean. the overall dataset.

3 Two Methods 4 Applications

Both the Actual Mean and Standard deviation is widely
Assumed Mean methods offer used in various fields, including
accurate results, each with finance, healthcare, and
advantages and disadvantages. engineering, for data analysis
and decision-making.
REFERENCE

Stacey B., Laurel S.(1st edition). Statistics for Nursing and Allied
Health
Khan | A and Khan | A. Fundamentals of Biostatistics, Ukaaz
Publications,(1994)
Online Resources: Google(Youtube), Wikipedia
THANK
YOU !