Lecture 3
Lecture 3
Nationalism
National Power
National Interest
Nation, State, and Country
The convention also declared that a State did not have to be recognized
by other States, meaning a country could exist even if other countries did
not recognize it.
Size :-
• NP depends upon its size. The land area of state is in itself an
element, small & big . Size factor is related to population ,
military installation, transportation , routes.
• The nation must have a big size of land because a small nation can
not become powerful as well as it could not possess all the
essential requisites of NP.
• A large nation can accommodate a large population & can have
large supply of natural resources and thus can become more
powerful.
Climate:
Location, rainfall & wind determine a climate.
It plays a great role in making the power of a nation.
Temperate climate is suitable for industrialization.
The extremes of climate of heat & cold are unfavorable for
national power.
The temperate regions are considers the best for health & energy of the
people which lead to the nation productivity.
It determines the fertility of the soil. If the rainfall is uncertain &
periodically there are drought hence the development of nation is
automatically limited.
If the country is depend for food on foreign aid, it certainly obstructs the
development of the nation & adoption of an independent foreign policy.
Topography :
It includes mountains, oceans, rivers, forest & etc.
It determines natural boundaries between nations & sets
limits to their natural expansion.
The Himalaya have acted as a barrier for foreign attack on
India.
The Atlantic & Pacific Oceans provides a natural protection to the
USA.
The importance of Egypt in the world affairs in all due to the suez
Canal which links Europe & Asia, reducing the distance by
thousands of miles in so far as the sea route is concerned.
Forests provides wood, rubber & many other products.
The rivers provides ports, harbours & transport system
Location :
It determines the power of State & security of the country.
States located very close to big power are influenced by the
policy of the neighboring country.
If the country is strategically important it becomes a center of
big power politics as Egypt.
England & Japan being islands have been more secure.
USA being separated from Europe & Asia could remain
in isolation for long time.
The importance of Pakistan to the USA is also due to
her strategic location.
• Boundaries:
• There are two types of boundaries –natural
& artificial.
• Natural boundaries may be decided by
natural features such as mountains, rivers and
coastlines.
• Artificial boundaries decided by state authorities.
• Problems and disputes arises from boundaries- India
and Pakistan, India & China, North & South Korea.
B) Population:
Size
It is an important and essential element of national power.
It is still true that no country can remain or become a great
power which does not belong to the more powerful country of
on the earth.
Without large population it is impossible to establish & keep
going the industrial plant necessary for the success conduct of
modern world war.
Population can utilize the natural resources fully. Small nation
can not possess enough natural resources.
There must be good quality among the Population.
must have greater technical capacity , ability to use more
They
effective control over the forces of nature & contribute to the
growth of national power.
• Large population is a source of strength for any state but
sometimes it may also prove to be a source of weakness.
• A nation is more capable of becoming a big power with a large
population.. It helps in increasing agricultural & manufacturing
production.
• A large labour force contributes for the economic growth.
• Population will be strength if the state has the means to utilize its
talent, energy & maintain a proper standard of living.
• It is source of strength in the developed countries & is a source of
weakness in the underdeveloped countries.
• Quality & Quantity of Population:
• Quality of the people of a nation is a more valuable factor in the
context of power.
• Dedicated, disciplined, hardworking, healthy, educated & skilled
manpower alone can be a source of national power.
• A State with higher rate of literacy is more powerful because the
people develop greater productive capacity.
• Quantity of population is a source of weakness.
• Modern industry & technology needs skilled manpower & not just
manpower.
Education & Research:
2. Secondary Interests:
4. Variable Interests:
6. Specific Interests:
These are the logical outgrowths of the general interests and these are
defined in terms of time and space. To secure the economic rights of the
Third World countries through the securing of a New International
Economic Order is a specific interest of India and other developing
countries.