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10 views8 pages

generations (1)

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Uploaded by

ayaanhacker55
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GENERATIONS

OF
COMPUTE
R
HAREEM FATIMA
EARLY CALCULATING
me of the early calculating devices are as follows:
DEVICES
1.Abacus
2.Napier’s Bones
3.Pascaline
4.Difference Engine
5.Analytical Engine
ABACU
S
An abacus is an old tool for counting and
doing math. It has beads on rods that you
move to add, subtract, multiply, or divide.
Even with modern calculators, the abacus is
still used to help people learn math.
NAPIER’S
BONES
Napier's Bones is a manual calculating device created by John Napier in the
early 17th century to simplify arithmetic operations, particularly
multiplication and division. The device consists of a set of rods, each
inscribed with a multiplication table for a specific digit, which can be
arranged to perform calculations by aligning the rods and reading off the
results. This innovative tool was an early step towards mechanizing
mathematical computation.
PASCALI
NE
The Pascaline, invented by Blaise Pascal in the 1640s, is one of the earliest mechanical
calculators. It was designed to perform basic arithmetic operations like addition and
subtraction through a series of gears and dials. This groundbreaking device laid the
foundation for future developments in computing technology, showcasing early ingenuity
in automating mathematical calculations. Despite its limitations, the Pascaline marked a
significant step forward in computational history.
DIFFERENCE
ENGINE
The Difference Engine, created by Charles Babbage in the 19th century,
was an early mechanical calculator aimed at computing polynomial
functions. Although never completed, its innovative design laid the
foundation for future computing advancements.
ANALYTICAL
ENGINE
The Analytical Engine, designed by Charles Babbage in the 19th century, is
considered the first mechanical general-purpose computer. It featured
components like an arithmetic logic unit, control flow through conditional
branching and loops, and integrated memory, laying the groundwork for
modern computing.

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