UNIT 3

CITYSCAPES

Teacher: Estefhany Cruz R

VOCABULARY: CITIES AND HOUSES (P.32)

1. Bungalow: a small house that is often all on

one level.
2. Cottage: a small house, usually in a village or
the countryside.
3. Detached house: a house that is not joined to
another house.
4. Flat/block of flats: apartments
5. Semi-detached house: a house that is joined
to another house.
6. Terraced house: part of a row of houses.
7. Maisonettes: two level flats in a small building.
8. Houseboat: a boat that people use as their
home.
9. Mansion: a very large, expensive house.
EXERCISE 1

Complete the sentence with a word from the box.

cottage flat terraced house detached
house
bungalow semi-detached house

1. A _______________ is not joined to another house.

2. A _______________ is a small house in a village or in
the countryside.
3. A _______________ is a house that doesn´t have any
stairs.
4. A _______________ is in a row of houses that are
joined together.
5. A _______________ is usually on one floor of a larger
building.
6. A _______________ is joined to another house by one
wall that they share.
 City centre: the part of a city where the main shops and
businesses are. The American word is downtown.
 Factory: a building or group of buildings where large
quantities of goods are produced using machines.
 Inner city: an area near the centre of a large city where
a lot of poverty and other social problems exist.
 Outskirts: the areas of a town or city that are furthest
away from the centre.
 Port: an area of water where ships stop, including the
buildings around it.
 Skyscraper: a very tall building containing offices or
flats.
 Square: an open area of land in the shape of a square,
usually with buildings around it.
 Suburbs: an area or town near a large city but away
from its centre, where there are many houses, especially
for middle-class people.
 Town hall: a building that has all the offices of a town’s
local government.
VOCABULARY:
ADJECTIVES DESCRIBING CITIES (P.32)
 Busy: having a lot of things to do.
 Clean: not dirty.
 Crowd: a large number of people in the same
place.
 Dirty: not clean.
 Historic: a historic place is important because it is
old and interesting or impressive.
 Lively: full of people who are busy or who are
enjoying themselves.
 Modern: using new styles that are very different
from the styles of the past.
 Noisy: full of noise.
 Quiet: used about places in which there is little
 EXERCISE 2. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH AN APPROPRIATE
ADJECTIVE FROM THE BOX.

Busy clean crowded dirty empty historic lively noisy

quiet

1. Ella really liked Dubai because it´s so ___________.

There´s no rubbish anywhere.
2. The streets are so ___________ in the evening. You can
often see street performers, and music and dancing.
3. I don´t like going to the town centre on a Saturday.
The shops are ___________ and there are long queues.
4. Most capital cities in central Europe have ___________
centers with buildings that are several hundred years
old.
5. I live in a ___________ village, not much happens there
at weekends.
VOCABULARY: EXTREME ADJECTIVES (P.35).

 Ancient: very old.

 Boiling: extremely hot.
 Dreadful: used for emphasizing how bad
something is.
 Enormous: very large in size and quantity.
 Filthy: very dirty.
 Freezing: very cold.
 Tiny: extremely small.
 Silent: a silent action or activity is done
without talking or making any sounds.
 Stunning: very impressive or beautiful.
 Packed: extremely crowded.
 YOU WILL HEAR PEOPLE TALKING IN SIX
DIFFERENT SITUATIONS. FOR QUESTIONS 1-6,
CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER A, B OR C.
1. You hear a man and a woman talking. What did the woman enjoy most about her visit to
Glasgow?
a. the architecture b. the food c. the ice-skating rink

2. You overhear this conversation. When is the man's meeting taking place?
a. tonight b. tomorrow afternoon c. tomorrow morning

3. You overhear a couple talking. Where will they probably stay if they go to Dubai?
a. in a luxurious hotel b. in a resort called Atlantis c. in a Bedouin camp

4. You overhear a conversation. What is the man doing?

a. describing his experiences c. recommending a travel destination
b. complaining about the weather

5. You hear a man talking on the phone. Where does the man work?
a. at a supermarket b. at a petrol station c. at a travel agency

6. You overhear a man talking about things he saw in Russia. What is he describing?
a. the metro
b. a museum
c. a palace
 PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
We use the present perfect simple to talk
about:

1. An action that happened at an unspecified

moment in the past. What is significant is
the actual experience, not when it
happened.
I´ve seen Beyoncé in concert.
2. Recent events which have a result in the
present.
She´s lost her bag. (= she hasn´t got it now.)
3. Actions that finished very recently.
They´ve just had an accident.
 PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE
4. Actions or situations which started in the past
and continue in the present.
Mark´s lived here for ten years. (-Mark started to
live here ten years ago, and he still lives here
now.)

If we want to emphasise the completion and

result of an action, or how many times an action
happened, we can use the present perfect simple.

I´ve painted my bedroom. (It´s finished.)

I´ve seen that film three times.
I´ve been seeing that film three times.
 PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE STRUCTURE:

(+) subject + have/has + verb (past

participle) + complement.
I have tried sushi.
(-) subject + have/ has + not + verb
(past participle) + complement.
Emily hasn´t started the English project.
(?) Have/Has + subject + verb (past
participle) + complement + ?
Have they worked?
EXERCISE 3.
Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect
simple).
1. I (not / work) ________________ today.
2. We (buy) ________________ a new lamp.
3. We (not / plan) ________________ our holiday yet.
4. Where (be / you) ________________?
5. He (write) ________________ five letters.
6. She (not / see) ________________ him for a long time.
7. (be / you) ________________ at school?
8. School (not / start) ________________ yet.
9. (speak / he) ________________ to his boss?
10.No, he (have / not) ________________ the time yet.
 EVER, NEVER, FOR, SINCE, JUST, ALREADY, YET.

These words are often used with the present perfect

simple.

Ever in questions = at any time in your life.

It comes just before the past participle.

Never in negative sentences= at no time in your life.

It comes just after the first verb.

For and since with past actions or situations which

continue in the present. For = periods of time and Since
= moments in time

With this use of the present perfect we use the question

‘How long….?’
For and since go just before the time expression.
 EVER, NEVER, FOR, SINCE, JUST, ALREADY, YET.

Just to emphasise that something happened very

recently.
Just goes after the first verb.
Already for something that has happened earlier than
we expected.
Already usually goes just after the first verb, or
at the end of the sentence for emphasis.

Yet with questions and negative sentences to ask if

something we expect has happened, or to say that it
hasn´t.
Yet usually goes at the end of a sentence or clause.
EXERCISE 4.
Complete the sentences with a word from the
box below.
already never since ever yet for just

1. Have you _______ been to Canada?

2. I´ve _______ lived in a big city.

3. I´ve lived here ________ three months/_______ January.

4. We´ve _______ arrived.

5. I don´t need to go there. I´ve _______ been.

6. Have you moved _______? I haven´t moved _______

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

USE:
The present perfect continuous has a
similar meaning to the present perfect
simple. However, we use the continuous
when we want to emphasise the
process and duration of an action.
I´ve been studying in this school for five
months.
For that reason, if an action is very short,
we don´t use the continuous form.
I´ve been breaking the window.
 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

We also use the continuous to emphasise

that an action finished very recently or is
incomplete.
I´ve been studying. (= I´m tired because I
finished a second ago or I still haven´t
finished).

If we want to emphasise the completion and

result of an action, or how many times an
action happens, we must use the present
perfect simple.
I´ve washed the dishes. (= They are all
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

(+) subject + have/has + been +

verb(-ing) + complement.
They have been learning English for
2 years.
(-) subject + have/has + not + been +
verb(-ing) + complement.
Mike hasn´t been working.
(?) Have/Has + subject + been +
verb(-ing) + complement + ?
Has Sarah been sleeping?
 EXERCISE 5.
Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect progressive).

1. He (work) ________________ in this company since 1985.

2. I (wait) ________________ for you since two o'clock.
3. Mary (live) ________________ in Germany since 1992.
4. Why is he so tired? He (play) ________________ tennis for five hours.
5. How long (learn / you) ________________ English?
6. We (look for) ________________ the motorway for more than an hour.
7. I (live) ________________ without electricity for two weeks.
8. The film (run / not) ________________ for ten minutes yet, but there's
a commercial break already.
9. How long (work / she) ________________ in the garden?
10.She (not / be) ________________ in the garden for more than an hour.
EXERCISE 6.
Answer the questions with the present perfect
simple or the present perfect continuous form of the
verbs given.

1. Why are you so red? (sunbathe)

_________________________________________________
2. Why are you so filthy? (clean my bike for two hours).
_________________________________________________
3. Why aren´t you hungry? (eat ten biscuits).
_________________________________________________
4. Why are you so white? (just see a ghost).
_________________________________________________
5. Why are you so happy? (win the spelling
competition).
_________________________________________________