WORLD

H I S T O RY

D R M I T TA L I S E T H I -
AIR 56,CSE
2016
S Y L L A B U S - W O R L D H I S T O RY
W O R L D H I S T O RY -
PA S T Y E A R
QUESTIONS
FEUDALISM IN
ENGLAND
600-1500 A.D.
Q1.
T H E D E C L I N E O F F E U D A L I S M P R O M O T E D T RA D E
BUT ALSO LED TO AN INCREASE IN
C E N T RA L I S AT I O N W H I C H WA S T O L AT E R H AV E
I T S O W N S I D E E F F E C T S . E LU C I D AT E .
 1 4 T H - 1 8 T H C E N T U RY

R E N A I S S A N C E , R E F O R M AT I O N ,
S C I E N T I F I C R E V O LU T I O N ,
ENLIGHTENMENT
R E F O R M AT I O N
WHY IS THE
R E V O LU T I O N O F I D E A S
S O I M P O RTA N T ?
S E V E N Y E A R S G L O B A L WA R ( 1 7 5 4 -
63)
M E RC A N T I L E
C A P I TA L I S M - T H E
S U B J U G AT I O N
1 7 7 3 - B O S T O N T E A PA RT Y
1775-1783
A M E R I C A N R E V O LU T I O N , W H I L E O N E O F I T S
F I R S T W A S N O T R E A L LY A R E V O L U T I O N I N
T H E T R U E S T O F S E N S E . C R I T I C A L LY
E VA L U AT E .
W H AT WA S H A P P E N I N G I N
F RA N C E U N D E R LO U I S
XVI?
F R E N C H R E V O LU T I O N , BY I T S I D E A S A N D
W AY S , I N S P I R E D M A N Y A F R E E D O M
S T R U G G L E S I N I N D I A . D O YO U A G R E E ?
C O M M E N T.
T H E C O N C E P T O F A N AT I O N - H O W
DID THE FRENCH AND AMERICAN
R E V O LU T I O N D E F I N E I T ?
WA S T H E I N D U S T R I A L R E V O LU T I O N A R E V O LU T I O N ? W H Y ?

Impact of Industrial Revolution?

DIFFERENT COUNTRIES HAD DIFFERENT

J O U R N E Y S O F I N D U S T R I A L R E V O LU T I O N .
ENGLAND INDUSTRIALISED IN 1750 WHILE
RUSSIA IN 1914. WHY?
I M P E R I A L I S M A N D C O LO N I A L I S M W E R E T H E T W O D I F F E R E N T
FA C E S O F T H E S A M E P R O B L E M . C R I T I C A L LY C O M M E N T.

T H E I M PA C T O F A F R I C A N
C O L O N I A L I S M I S S T I L L F E LT I N T H E
2 1 S T C E N T U RY. A N A LY S E .
C O L O N I A L I S M I N T H E PA C I F I C
CU TT ING O F T H E CHINE S E M E LO N -
CO LO NIA L IS M IN CHINA
TA I P I N G R E B E L L I O N -
1850-64
WA R L O R D E R A - 1 9 1 6 -
28
S I N O J A PA N - 1 8 9 4 - 5
R U S S O - J A PA N - 1 9 0 4 -
5
K U O M I N TA N G - K M T
CHINESE COMMUNIST
PA RT Y
J A PA N A N D I M P E R I A L I S M
WHY DID
J A PA N
H AV E T O
BE AN
IMPERIALIS
T POWER?
World War
I
 Causes of WWI – MANIA!
Militarism - policy of building up a strong military to prepare for war

Alliances – agreements between nations to provide aid and protect on

another

Nationalism – extreme pride in one’s country

Imperialism – when one country takes over another country

economically and politically.

Assassination – of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand

 European
Conquest of
Africa
 Militarism
1910-1914 Increase in
Defense Expenditures

France 10%

Britain 13%

Russia 39%

Germany 73%
 Alliances

Triple Alliance Triple Entente

 Nationalism

• The ardent Pan Slavism of Serbia and Russia's

willingness to support its Slavic brother conflicted with
Austria-Hungary's Pan-Germanism.
 The
“Spark”
 Assassination

Archduke Franz Ferdinand and

Duchess Sophie at Sarajevo, Bosnia, on
June 28th, 1914.
 Austrian
Archduke Franz Fer
dinand
was killed in
Bosnia by a Serbian
nationalist group
called the Black
Hand who believed
that Bosnia should
belong to Serbia.
 Domino Effect
Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared
war on Serbia.

Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary.

Russia pledged their support for Serbia.

 Domino Effect
Germany declares war on Russia.

France pledges their support for Russia.

Germany declares war on France.

Germany invades Belgium on the way to France.

Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.

Allied Powers Central Powers

World War I
A T RA G E DY O F
M I S C A L C U L AT I O N S
What new weapons were used in WWI?

• Machine gun
• Poison gas
• Submarine
• Airplane
• Tank
• Why these weapons? Why now?
 Casualties?
• Total troops mobilized by all countries in WW1
65,038,810

• Total troops dead from all countries in WW1

8,556,315
• Total troops wounded from all countries in WW1
21,219,452
• Total missing or POWs
7,750,945
 What were the results?
• Germany surrendered.
• Allies impose Treaty of Versailles.
– Declares Germany guilty for war.
– Germany must pay reparations to Allies.
• This sets the stage for WWII!
• League of Nations formed to try to prevent
war in the future.
World War II
 What was WWII?
• Largest war in human history.
• Involved countries, colonies, and territories
around the entire world.
• By the end, over 70 million were dead.
• It lasted from 1939 until 1945.
 Causes

• W WI and the Treaty of Versailles

• Appeasement
• Rise of Totalitarianism
 WWI and the Treaty of
Versailles
• Germany lost land to
surrounding nations
• War reparations
– Allies collect $ to pay back
war debts to US
– Germany pays $57 trillion
(modern day equivalent)
– Germans are bankrupt,
embarrassed, guilt ridden,
and angry.
• Desperate people turn to
desperate leaders
 Appeasement
• Giving someone something to make them happy and leave you alone.
• Hitler demanded land that wasn’t Germany’s and others just gave it to
him.
• Nations were trying to prevent war…it didn’t work. (Isolationism)
• Appeasement just showed Hitler that he could do whatever he
wanted.
“Peace
in Our
Time!”
 Rise of Totalitarianism
• A system in which the state and its leader
have nearly TOTAL control.
• Individual rights are not viewed as important as the needs
of the nation.
– No right to vote
– No free speech
– Government controlled economy
– Often a police state
 Totalitarianism

USSR: Germany & Italy: Japan:

Communist Fascist Military
Dictatorship Dictatorship Dictatorship
 Adolf Hitler-
Germany

Hideki Tojo -
Japan

Benito Mussolini-Italy

Josef Stalin-USSR
 What is Fascism?
• Political belief that says the individual is less
important than the nation.
• Glorifies violence, believes it is needed to
“prove” strength of a people.
• Uses nationalism and racism.
• Dictatorships.
• Italy and then Germany became fascist.
 What did Hitler Want?
• Militarism- soon after becoming chancellor he
begins rearming Germany breaking the Treaty of
Versailles
• Rhineland- moves troops into the Rhineland
territory again breaking the Treaty of Versailles
• Lebensraum- “living space”
– Austria - annexed peacefully in 1938
– Sudetenland – territory in Czechoslovakia
• Given to Germany by Great Britain and France
– Hitler then invades the rest of Czechoslovakia
• What’s this called? ______________________
– On to Poland
 How did WWII start?
• Germany invaded Poland.
• Allies declare war on Germany.
• Germany then invades France, Belgium, etc.
• Then Hitler invades Russia.
• Germans use “blitzkrieg” to overwhelm other
armies.
– Blitzkrieg means “lightening war” in German.
– Surround with tanks and troops in trucks.
 Who was on each side?
Axis Powers Allied Powers
• Germany • Great Britain
• Italy • Soviet Union
• Japan • United States
• France
– Surrendered to
Germany in 1940 after 6
weeks
 What about the Pacific War?
• The US (mostly) fought the Japanese.
• December 7, 1941 Japan bombed Pearl
Harbor in Hawaii to sink US ships there.
– Two hours = most US navy destroyed and 2,000
sailors killed
• Japan surrenders after US drops atomic
bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
 How did WWII end in Europe?
• Operation Overlord- Allied invasion of
France. Also called D-Day.
– Within a month 1 million Allied troops were
stationed in Europe.
– Germany is surrounded with the USSR to the east
• Germany surrenders in 1945 after Hitler
commits suicide.
 How did WWII end in Europe?
• Allies divide Germany up between them.
– This helps start the Cold War.
• Trials are held in Germany (and Japan) to
try the people responsible for the war.
– Many are executed and jailed for war crimes.
 What was the Holocaust?
• Nazi plan to kill all Jews.
• Why? Hitler’s provided a to Germany’s problems
• 6 million Jews murdered in camps in Europe.
• 5 million others (gypsies, mentally ill, homosexuals)
• Total of 11 million exterminated
• What is genocide?
• Purposely trying to exterminate an entire group of
people (ethnic, religious, racial).
 Quick Facts
• War Costs
– US Debt 1940 - $9 Billion
– US Debt 1945 - $98 Billion
• WWII cost $330 billion – 10 times the
cost of WWI & equivalent to all previous
federal spending since 1776
 Losses of the Major Wartime Powers in WWII, 1939-
1945
• Germany • USSR
– 4.5 million military – 10 million military
– 2 million civilian – 10 million civilians

• Japan • Great Britain

– 2 million military – 300,000 military
– 350,000 civilians – 50,000 civilians

• Italy • France
– 400,000 military – 250,000 military
– 100,000 civilian – 350,000 civilian

• China • United States

– 274,000 military
– 2.5 million military
– 7.4 million civilians