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24 views29 pages

Resource_20240507144311_light-reflection

Uploaded by

Aryan Bishnoi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER - 10

LIGHT : REFLECTION AND REFRACTION


1) Light :-

i) Light is a form of energy which helps us to see objects.


ii) When light falls on objects, it reflects the light and when the
reflected light reaches our eyes then we see the objects.
iii) Light travels in straight line.
iv) The common phenomena of light are formation of shadows,
formation of images by mirrors and lenses, bending of light by a
medium, twinkling of stars, formation of rainbow etc.
2a) Reflection of light :-

When light falls on a highly polished surface


like a mirror most of the light is sent back into
the same medium. This process is
called reflection of light.

a) Laws of reflection of light :-


i) The angle of incidence is equal to the angle
of reflection.
ii) The incident ray, the reflected ray and the
normal to the mirror at
the point of incidence all lie in the same
plane.
Characteristics of image formed by plane mirror.
i) The image is erect.
ii) The image is same size as the object.
iii) The image is at the same distance from the
mirror as the object is in front of it.
iv) The image is virtual (cannot be obtained on a
screen).
v) The image is laterally inverted.
3) Spherical mirrors :-
Spherical mirror is a curved mirror which is a part of a
hollow sphere. Spherical mirrors are of two types. They are
concave mirror and convex mirror.
i) Concave mirror :- is a spherical mirror whose reflecting
surface is curved inwards. Rays of light parallel to the
principal axis after reflection from a concave mirror meet at
a point (converge) on the principal axis.
ii) Convex mirror :- is a spherical mirror whose reflecting
surface is curved inwards. Rays of light parallel to the
principal axis after reflection from a convex mirror get
diverged and appear to come from a point behind the
mirror.
4) Terms used in the study of spherical mirrors :-

i) Center of curvature :- is the centre of the sphere of which the mirror is a part (C).
ii) Radius of curvature :- is the radius of the sphere of which the mirror is a part (CP).
iii) Pole :- is the centre of the spherical mirror (P).
iv) Principal axis :- is the straight line passing through the centre of
curvature and the pole (X-Y).
v) Principal focus :-
In a concave mirror, rays of light parallel to the principal axis after reflection meet at a point
on the principal axis called principal
focus(F).
In a convex mirror, rays of light parallel to the principal axis after reflection get diverged and
appear to come from a point on the
principal axis behind the mirror called principal focus (F).
vi) Focal length :- is the distance between the pole and principal focus (f). In a spherical mirror
the radius of curvature is twice the focal
length.
R = 2f
8) Uses of spherical mirrors :-

a) Concave mirrors :-
Concave mirrors are used in torches, search
lights and head lights of vehicles to get parallel
beams of light.
They are used as shaving mirrors to see larger
image of the face.
They are used by dentists to see larger images
of the teeth.
Large concave mirrors are used to concentrate
sunlight to produce heat in solar furnaces.
Image formation by Convex Mirror
b) Convex mirrors :-
Convex mirrors are used as rear-view mirrors in vehicles. Convex mirrors give erect
diminished images of objects. They also have a wider field of view than plane mirrors.
Mirror formula and magnification
• The distance of the
object from its pole is
known as object
distance (u)
• distance from the pole
of the mirror is known
as image distance (v)
• The mirror formula is
given by-
Mirror formula and magnification
Magnification
It is defined as relative
extent to which an object
is magnified in
comparison to its object
size.
1
 The mirror formula
+
is:

1=

1
𝑣

𝑓
Where, u= Object distance
v= Image
distance f=
Focal length

2
𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑒𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 (ℎ2) −𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒
ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 (ℎ1)𝑂𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡
=
𝑚 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝑢)
(−𝑣)
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

 For Virtual image, m is


positive Real image, m is
negative

 If m>1, image is bigger than


the object
 If m=1, image is of the same
size as of the object
 If m<1, image is smaller than
the object

 If m is positive, then the


Find the focal length of a convex
mirror of radius of curvature 1m.
Radius of curvature of a concave
mirror is 25 cm. What is its focal
length?
A concave mirror produces 10 cm long image of an
object of height of 2cm. What is the magnification
produced?
An object 4 cm in size is placed at a distance of 25 cm from
a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm. Find the position,
nature and height of the image.
A converging mirror forms a real image of height 4 cm, of an object
of height 1 cm placed 20 cm away from the mirror. Calculate the
image distance. What is the focal length of the mirror?

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