Scribd
Upload
13 views

PSDC_Module 1_Introduction to Power System

notes

Uploaded by

mwasambomajoshua
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views

PSDC_Module 1_Introduction to Power System

notes

Uploaded by

mwasambomajoshua
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
POWER SYSTEMS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL
DP 622

Module: 1
Power System Introduction

Instructor
Dr. Peter Makolo
Module 1

Power System
Introduction
Summary of the Module

Provide fundamental knowledge and overview of the power system


including:

 The structure

 Components

 Functions
Overview of Power Systems
What is a power system
 A power system is an interconnected electrical network designed for the
generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity to consumers.
 It consists of several components that work together to ensure that electrical
energy is generated efficiently, transmitted over long distances with minimal
losses, and delivered safely and reliably to end-users.

Purpose of Power Systems


 Primary Function: The main function of a power system is to generate,
transmit, and distribute electrical energy reliably, economically, and safely to
meet the demands of consumers, including residential, commercial, and
industrial sectors.
 Critical Role in Society: Power systems support essential services and
technologies, including communication, transportation, healthcare,
manufacturing, and households, making them a cornerstone of modern life.
Overview of Power Systems
Basic Structure of power systems

 Generation: Electricity is first produced in power plants, which may use


traditional sources (e.g., coal, natural gas, nuclear) or renewable sources (e.g.,
solar, wind, hydro).

 Transmission: High-voltage transmission lines transport electricity over long


distances from generation sites to load centers, where demand is concentrated.

 Distribution: After transmission, distribution networks step down voltage


levels to safer levels for local delivery to consumers and end-users.
Overview of Power Systems
Power Generation Types and Sources

 Conventional Sources: Includes fossil fuel-based plants (coal, oil, natural gas)
and nuclear plants, which are stable and controllable but raise concerns about
emissions and sustainability.

 Renewable Sources: Solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal energy have seen
significant growth due to their sustainability. However, they pose challenges in
terms of variability and integration into the grid.

 Hybrid Systems: These newer systems aim to balance efficiency, reliability, and
emissions, often combining traditional and renewable sources to enhance
flexibility and reduce environmental impacts.
Overview of Power Systems
Key Components of Power Systems

 Generators: Produce electric power by converting various forms of energy


(thermal, mechanical, etc.) into electrical energy.
 Transformers: Modify voltage levels to facilitate efficient power flow,
particularly for reducing losses in transmission.
 Transmission Lines: Conduct high-voltage electricity from generation sites to
distribution centers, maintaining stability and efficiency over long distances.
 Switchgear and Protection Devices: Safeguard system stability by isolating
faults, managing power flows, and preventing equipment damage.
 Control Systems: Operate across generation, transmission, and distribution
levels to monitor and adjust the system for optimal performance and reliability.
Overview of Power Systems
Power Flow and System Balance
 Power Flow: Refers to the distribution of electrical power across a
network, ensuring electricity flows efficiently from generation to
end-users.
 Power flow analysis is critical for system planning, stability, and
operation.

 Load and Generation Balancing: The system must continuously


balance generation with load demand to maintain steady frequency
and voltage.
 Real-time control, load forecasting, and energy management are
crucial for maintaining this balance.
Overview of Power Systems
Challenges in Modern Power Systems

 Reliability and Security: As power systems become increasingly


interconnected, ensuring a stable and resilient supply in the face of faults or
cyber threats is crucial.
 Renewable Integration: Renewables introduce variability and unpredictability,
requiring advances in grid technology and control systems.
 Environmental and Economic Pressures: Power systems are under pressure to
reduce emissions, increase efficiency, and operate cost-effectively, driving a
transition towards smart grids and sustainable energy sources.
 Demand Growth and Electrification: Increasing demand, particularly with the
electrification of sectors like transportation, places new requirements on
infrastructure, planning, and control.
Overview of Power Systems
Generation Plants (0.4kV – 30kV)
 Produce electrical energy from different forms of
energy such as fossil fuels, nuclear fuels, HP, PV,
Wind Power
 Generation facilities must produce enough power
to meet customer demand

Transmission Systems (66kV – 400kV)


 Transport bulk power over long distances
 They should not overheat, hence jeopardizing
system stability

Distribution Systems (0.4kV – 33kV)


 Deliver power from bulk power systems to
customers
 Deliver electricity to each customer’s service
entrance
Overview of Power Systems
Distribution Substation
 Source - Sub-transmission line
Disconnect Switch/Isolator: What
is the difference between breaker
with the isolator?
 A manual switch, does not work
for protection but intentional
isolation
 If a transformer fault occurs,
both the primary and secondary
breaker will open to isolate the
transformer from the rest of the
system
 Breaker protects a power
transformer that steps voltage
down to distribution levels
Overview of Power Systems
Examples of Power Systems

 A modified IEEE 9 bus network


Overview of Power Systems
Examples of Power Systems

 An IEEE 14 bus network,


presented using a non-linear
small-signal analysis tool in
Simulink
Overview of Power Systems
Examples of Power Systems

 A modified IEEE 39 bus


network, presented with
converter based resources at
different buses
Overview of Power Systems

You might also like