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Databasefailureandrecovery 1 220127083557 (1)

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9 views

Databasefailureandrecovery 1 220127083557 (1)

Uploaded by

bhargaviy614
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database Failure and

Recovery
Topics

 Database Failures
 Recovery Schemes:

Shadow Paging and Log-based

Recovery, Recovery wth Concurrent

transactions.
Database Failures
There can be a case in database system like any computer
system when database failure happens. When data base
fails then its difficult for users or machines to access the
data from data base and if data base failure is not dealt
efficiently then huge loss for organization can happen
because entire business process will stop.
database failure can be defined as inability of the system
to provide required functionality correctly. Database failure
can be resulted due to a variety of reasons such as disk-
crash, power failure, software error or even sabotage.
Classification of failure:

To see wherever the failure has


occurred, we tend to generalize a
failure into numerous classes, as
follows:

 Transaction failure
 System crash
 Disk failure
Classification of failure
Transaction failure:
A transaction needs to abort once it
fails to execute or once it reaches to
any further extent from wherever it
can’t go to any extent further. This is
often known as transaction failure
wherever solely many transactions or
processes are hurt. The reasons for
transaction failure are:
 Logical errors
 System errors
Transaction failure:
 Logical errors: Where a transaction cannot
complete as a result of its code error or an internal
error condition.
 System errors: Wherever the information system
itself terminates an energetic transaction as a result
of the DBMS isn’t able to execute it, or it’s to prevent
due to some system condition. to Illustrate, just in
case of situation or resource inconvenience, the
system aborts an active transaction.
System crash:

 There are issues − external to the system


− that will cause the system to prevent
abruptly and cause the system to crash.
For instance, interruptions in power supply
might cause the failure of underlying
hardware or software package failure.
Examples might include OS errors.
Disk failure

 In early days of technology


evolution, it had been a typical
drawback wherever hard-disk drives
or storage drives accustomed to
failing oftentimes. Disk failures
include the formation of dangerous
sectors, unreachability to the disk,
disk crash or the other failure, that
destroys all or a section of disk
storage.
Database Recovery

Database recovery is the process


of restoring the database to a
correct (consistent) state in the
event of a failure. In other words, it
is the process of restoring
the database to the most recent
consistent state that existed shortly
before the time of system failure.
Database Recovery
 The failure may be the result of a system
crash due to hardware or software errors, a
media failure such as head crash, or a
software error in the application such as a
logical error in the program that is accessing
the database. Recovery restores a database
form a given state, usually inconsistent, to a
previously consistent state.
 The number of recovery techniques that are
used are based on the atomicity property of
transactions.
Need of Recovery
The storage of data usually includes four types of media with an increasing amount of
reliability: the main memory, the magnetic disk, the magnetic tape, and the optical disk.
Many different forms of failure can affect database processing and/or transaction, and
each of them has to be dealt with differently. Some data failures can affect the main
memory only, while others involve non-volatile or secondary storage also. Among the
sources of failure are:
 Due to hardware or software errors, the system crashes, which ultimately resulting in loss

of main memory.
 Failures of media, such as head crashes or unreadable media that results in the loss of

portions of secondary storage.


 There can be application software errors, such as logical errors that are accessing the

database that can cause one or more transactions to abort or fail.


 Natural physical disasters can also occur, such as fires, floods, earthquakes, or power

failures.
 Carelessness or unintentional destruction of data or directories by operators or users.
 Damage or intentional corruption or hampering of data (using malicious software or files)

hardware or software facilities.


Recovery Mechnism

Every DBMS should offer the following facilities to


help out with the recovery mechanism:
 Backup mechanism makes backup copies at a
specific interval for the database.
 Logging facilities keep tracing the current state
of transactions and any changes made to the
database.
 Checkpoint facility allows updates to the
database for getting the latest patches to be made
permanent and keep secure from vulnerability.
 Recovery manager allows the database system
for restoring the database to a reliable and steady-
state after any failure occurs.

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