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Figures of speech

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12 views11 pages

Figures of speech

Uploaded by

rudra.24bai10485
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Figures Of Speech

[Samarth Arora]
Introduction
• What is a Figure Of Speech?
• - A figure of speech is figurative language in the form of a
single word or phrase.
• - It can be a special repetition, arrangement or omission of
words with literal meaning, or a phrase with a specialized
meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words.

• - A figure of speech is essentially a word or phrase used in a


non-literal sense for rhetorical or vivid effect.
• - They are plainly defined as saying one thing in terms of
something else.
Importance of Figure of Speech
• Figures of speech are important in writing for several
reasons. First, they add color and vividness to
language. Using descriptive comparisons, images and
unique expressions instead of plain literal statements
makes writing more interesting, beautiful and
impactful. This helps engage readers’ imagination and
emotions.

• Figures of speech bring immense value to


communication by infusing it with clarity, persuasion
and imaginative power beyond literal words alone.
Types of Figures of Speech
1. Simile
• A comparison between two different things using “like” or “as.”
• Example: “Her smile is like the sun.”
2. Metaphor
• A direct comparison between two unrelated things without
using “like” or “as.”
• Example: “Time is a thief.”
3. Personification
• Attributing human qualities to non-human objects or abstract
ideas.
• Example: “The wind whispered through the trees.”
Types of Figures of Speech
4. Hyperbole
• Deliberate exaggeration for emphasis or effect.
• Example: “I’ve told you a million times!”
5. Understatement (Litotes)
• Downplaying something to create emphasis, often using
double negatives.
• Example: “He’s not the worst singer I’ve heard.”
6. Alliteration
• Repetition of initial consonant sounds in closely placed
words.
• Example: “She sells sea shells by the sea shore.”
Types of Figures of Speech
7. Onomatopoeia
• Words that imitate natural sounds.
• Example: “The bees buzzed in the garden.”
8. Oxymoron
• A combination of contradictory terms.
• Example: “Bittersweet” or “deafening silence.”
9. Paradox
• A statement that appears self-contradictory but
contains a truth.
• Example: “Less is more.”
Types of Figures of Speech
10. Irony
• Saying one thing while meaning another (often the opposite).
• Verbal Irony: Sarcasm or witty statements (Example: “What a lovely day,”
during a storm).
• Situational Irony: When the outcome is opposite of expectations.
• Dramatic Irony: When the audience knows something the characters do
not.
11. Pun
• A play on words exploiting multiple meanings or similar sounds.
• Example: “A bicycle can’t stand on its own because it’s two-tired.”
12. Euphemism
• A mild or indirect expression used to replace a harsh or unpleasant one.
• Example: “He passed away” instead of “He died.”
Types of Figures of Speech
13. Synecdoche
• A part represents the whole or vice versa.
• Example: “All hands on deck” (hands = sailors).
14. Metonymy
• Substitution of one term with something closely related.
• Example: “The crown” for “the monarchy.”
15. Anaphora
• Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or
sentences.
• Example: “I have a dream… I have a dream…”
16. Apostrophe
• Addressing an absent person, inanimate object, or abstract concept.
• Example: “O Death, where is thy sting?”
Types of Figures of Speech
17. Antithesis
• Juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in a balanced structure.
• Example: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.”
18. Allusion
• An indirect reference to a person, place, event, or literary work.
• Example: “He has the Midas touch.”
19. Climax and Anti-Climax
• Climax: Arrangement of ideas in increasing importance.
Example: “He came, he saw, he conquered.”
• Anti-Climax: A sudden drop in importance or tone. Example:
“For God, for country, and for fun.”
Types of Figures of Speech
20. Chiasmus
• A rhetorical structure where concepts are repeated in reverse order.
• Example: “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you
can do for your country.”
21. Allegory
• A narrative or description with a hidden meaning, often moral or
political.
• Example: George Orwell’s Animal Farm as an allegory of
communism.
22. Tautology
• Repetition of the same idea in different words.
• Example: “Free gift.”
Types of Figures of Speech
23. Pleonasm
• Use of more words than necessary for emphasis.
• Example: “I saw it with my own eyes.”
24. Zeugma
• A single word used with two others, applying differently to
each.
• Example: “She broke his car and his heart.”

Thank You

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