KPI Reports in 2G/3G/4G

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Objective of the presentation
• KPIs in GSM
1
• Data KPIs in 2G
2
• 3G KPIs
3
• LTE KPIs
4

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 KPI’s in GSM

SDCCH Congestion Rate

SDCCH Drop Rate
TCH Congestion/Blocking Rate
Call Setup Success Rate
Call Drop Rate
Handover Success Rate
Paging Success Rate
RACH Success Rate

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 SDCCH Congestion Rate
During Location Update and set up of MO
and MT calls, MS usually seizes SDCCH to
exchange signalling.
SMS is also sent/delivered through SDCCH
channel in idle mode.
When BSC receives SDCCH request from MS,
it checks SDCCH resource.
If all SDCCHs are occupied at that moment,
SDCCH congestion takes place.
Its day average value should be ≤ 1%.

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 SDCCH Congestion Rate : Causes and
Solutions
Large traffic volume exceeding network capacity
Solution: Increase cell capacity by adding more TRXs.
Too many location update at LAC boundaries
Solution:
(i) Adjust LAC selection and/or modify LAC boundaries .
(ii) Adjust parameter setting of periodic location update timer (T3212)
Too much SMS traffic
Solution:
(i) Implement dynamic SDCCH allocation mode
(ii) Increase SDCCH channels
Hardware fault in TRX or transmission system (Abis link etc.)
Solution:
(i) Replace the faulty hardware
(ii) Check and repair the transmission system

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 SDCCH Drop Rate
When MS is already on SDCCH and in-between communication
with Base station SDCCH channel got disconnected abruptly
then SDCCH Drop has occurred.
Causes and Solutions:
The Main Reasons for High SDCCH Drop Rate are improper
Parameters Configuration and Bad RF & Environmental factors.
First Audit for any parameters related discrepancies and define
as per standard parameters set.
Check for Neighbour Relations and correct if it is not proper.
Find out the low coverage patched and try to improve the
coverage.
Interference: Find out the actual cause of and rectify it.
High VSWR due to feeders, improper antenna configuration
(Ex. Sector cable Swap)
Check for Hardware Issue and rectify if you found any.

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 TCH Congestion/Blocking Rate
If during call attempt MS is not getting a TCH as all the available
TCH in the cell are already occupied, TCH congestion/blocking
occurs.
Its day average value should be ≤ 2%.
Causes and Solutions
Check TRX/Hardware Fault in the affected cell
Check carried Traffic (Erlang) from BH Report and increase no. of
TRX in the cell (If possible).
No. of TCH required according to traffic can be analyzed from
Erlang-B table (please see the table)
Implement Half Rate/AMR-Half Rate if already maximum no. of
TRX is equipped.

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 TCH Congestion/Blocking Rate
Explore possibilities of sharing the traffic of affected cell with
neighbouring cell by:
 Antenna azimuth/tilt/height adjustment of affected/ neighbouring
cells.
 HO margin adjustment for making logical slope to neighbouring
cells.
 Directed Retry/Traffic handover may be enabled.
 In very exceptional cases power of affected cell may be reduced.
Additional sector may be installed in the affected BTS.
Dual band may be implemented in the affected BTS to increase no.
of TRX.
Last option: Introduction of new BTS in the affected area

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ERLANG-B Table

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 CSSR
CSSR indicates the probability of successful calls initiated by
MS. If CSSR is too low, the subscribers are not likely to make
calls successfully.
Its value should be ≥95%
CSSR Value Depends on:
 SDCCH Assignment success Rate
 SDCCH Drop Rate
 TCH Assignment Success Rate
For improving CSSR Value:
 Minimise SDCCH Congestion
 Minimise SCDDH Drop
 Minimise TCH Congestion
 Check Hardware/Transmission Faults and Feeder Cable Swap
 Check value of parameters like RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN/RACH
Min Access Level etc.
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 Call drop Rate
Call drops are identified through SACCH messages.
A Radio Link Timeout (RLT) value is broadcasted on the BCCH.
At the establishment of a dedicated channel, the counter is set
to the broadcast value.
The mobile decrements the counter by 1 for every FER
detected on the SACCH and increases the counter by 2 for
every data block that is correctly received (up to the initial
maximum value)
If this counter reaches zero, a radio link failure is declared by
the mobile and it returns back to the idle mode i.e. call drop
occurs.
Sometimes an attempted handover, which may in itself have
been an attempt to prevent a drop, can result in a dropped call.
Call Drop Rate should be ≤ 2%.

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 Call Drop Rate
Causes of Call Drop
Blind spot, low coverage level.
Interference (External or Internal due to inappropriate
frequency planning)
Poor transmission quality and unstable transmission
links over the Abis interface end other interfaces.
Faulty hardware/high VSWR/ Feeder Cable swap
Unreasonable settings of handover parameters/during
inter BSC/MSC handover.
Unreasonable setting of radio parameters.

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 Call Drop Rate
Process for Optimization
Check radio parameters.
Proper frequency plan viz. achieve minimum interference
level by proper BCCH planning, HSN, MAIO planning.
Minimizing coverage holes by physical optimization
(Orientation, Height, Tilt).
Setting parameters like RLT, Rx lev. Access min., RACH
Access min as per situation.
Minimize Abis and other interface fluctuation – Link
stability plays very vital role.
Check and remove BTS/BSC hardware fault and Cable
swap/high VSWR (if any).
Minimise Handover failure in network
Proper Neighbour definition should be maintained

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 Handover Success Rate
Handovers are meant for maintaining call continuity when
subscriber crosses over from one cell to another cell.
Process of optimisation
Take the detailed report showing cause & target cell
Check whether HO parameters are defined correctly.
BCCH & BSIC confusion i.e. check whether same BCCH and
BSIC combination is repeated in nearby cells.
Minimise TCH Congestion as TCH congestion in target cell
results HO fail.
Delete unnecessary neighbours
Add important missing neighbours in neighbour list
Analyse one way neighbour relationship (if any)
Identify and eliminate feeder cable swap (if any)
If neighbour is defined through external cells, check whether
correct external cell parameters are defined.
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 Paging Success Rate
Paging Success rate is the percentage of valid page responses
received by the system.
Paging Channel Congestion should be ≤ 1%.
Process of optimisation
Removal of non existing Cell site database created in BSCs
Correct LAC dimensioning; split LA if paging discard is due to
big LA.
Define correct channel configuration for CCCH. Avoid
combining SDCCH in the BCH+CCCH timeslot.
Remove SDCCH congestion in network as page response is
sent to network through SDCCH.
Eliminate Abis /A interface congestion/error.
Correcting the various Paging/Location Update
timers/parameters in MSC/BSC/Cell.
Poor Paging Success rate is also observed due to poor
coverage so improve it.
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 RACH Success Rate
Random Access Channel (RACH) is used by the MS on
the “uplink” to request for allocation of an SDCCH. RACH
is successful if MS gets Immediate assignment message.
Process of optimisation
The main reasons for bad RACH success rate may be due
to very poor coverage or Parameters Configuration
discrepancies.
First Check for Parameters Configuration discrepancies
and correct as per standard parameter set.
Check for Hardware Issues (Ex. BTS sensitivity has very
crucial role to play here)
Check for Uplink Interference and quality.
Check for UL-DL imbalance and correct if any problem.

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 RACH Success Rate
The main parameters to be verified are:
 “MS MAX Retrans” allows the MS to retransmit again for
AGCH by not incrementing the RACH access failure
counter.
 “Tx-Integer” will reduce the RACH collision and can
improve RACH success rate.
 “T3122” waiting time for next network access.
 “RACH Min. Access Level (dbm)” very important
parameter for low coverage rural areas.
 “CCCH conf” & “BS_AG_BLKS_RES” check properly
defined or not? Because if you have overload with AGCH
“IMM ASS” can’t be send in the response of CH REQ.

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 DATA KPIs in 2G
TBF Success Rate
Temporary Block Flow (TBF) is a physical connection used
by the two Radio Resource entities.
The TBF is allocated radio resource on one or more PDCHs.
TBF is Successful when during a data session, TBFs are
successfully established on UL and DL.
Failure is mainly due to TBF Congestion or MS No response.
TBF Congestion Causes
 Insufficient number of static and dynamic PDCH in the cell.
 TRX/HW Fault
MS No Response Causes
 Poor Coverage
 Poor Quality due to interference etc.

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 DATA KPIs in 2G
Average GPRS/EDGE RLC Throughput
Throughput is the amount of data uploaded/downloaded per
unit of time.
Downlink Multi Slot Assignment Success Rate
User timeslot request based on traffic types and MS multi-
timeslot capability and the actual timeslot allocated by the
system is termed as Downlink Multislot Assignment
Success rate.
Process of optimisation of above KPIs
Define proper number of static and dynamic PDCH in the
cell.
Check whether it is due to poor radio conditions/
interference. Resolve if any.
Check Gb Congestion/Utilization at the BSC/PCU.
Check Hardware/TRX alarms; Resolve if find any.
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3G KPIs: Structure

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RRC Connection Establishment Success Rate

This KPI describes the ratio of all successful RRC

establishments to RRC establishment attempts for
UTRAN network,
It is used to evaluate UTRAN and RNC or cell
admission capacity for UE and/or system load.
RRC setup procedure is the process that establishes
the L3connection between UE and RNC that is used for
signalling traffic only.

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RRC Establishment

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 RAB Establishment Success Rate
This KPI describes the ratio of all successful RAB
establishments to RAB establishment attempts for UTRAN
network.
It is used to evaluate service accessibility across UTRAN.
RAB Assignment is the last step of the service connection.
If it is successfully assigned, the connection to the user
plane is successfully setup.

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RAB Establishment

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Call Setup Success Rate
This KPI describes the ratio of successful call
establishments.
It is based on the RRC Establishment Success Rate
and the RAB Establishment Success Rate for all RAB
types. Both KPIs are multiplied.

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Retainability KPI: Call Drop Rate
The Call Drop Rate (CDR) is the fraction of the telephone
calls which, due to technical reasons, were cut off before
the speaking parties had finished their conversation.
This KPI describes the ratio of RAB release requests
related to the number of successful RAB establishment
(per CS/PS domain).
Call drop occurs mainly due to poor signal quality (Ec/No)
or poor signal level.

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Mobility KPI: Soft Handover Success
Rate
This Indicate Radio link addition success rate. This KPI
describes the ratio of number of successful radio link
additions to the total number of radio link addition attempts.

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INTER RAT HANDOVER SUCCESS RATE

OUTGOING INTER RAT HANDOVER SUCCESS RATE

(CS/PS)
This KPI describes the ratio of number of successful inter
RAT handover to the total number of the attempted inter RAT
handover from UMTS to GSM for CS/PS domain.
This KPI is obtained by the number of successful inter RAT
handover divided by the total number of the attempted inter
RAT handover from UMTS to GSM/GPRS for CS/PS domain.

INCOMING INTER RAT HANDOVER SUCCESS RATE (CS/PS)

This indicates the Inter-RAT handover mobility, the handover
is from GSM/GPRS system to UMTS system.

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 LTE KPIs: Basic Types
Accessibility : It is a measurement that allows operators to
know information related to the mobile services accessibility
for the subscriber.
Retainability :It measures how many times a service was
interrupted or dropped during use.
Integrity :Integrity measures the high or low quality of a service
while the subscriber is using it.
Availability: Availability measures service availability for the
subscriber. The measurement is performed by determining the
percentage of time that the service was available for the
subscribers served by a specific cell.
Mobility: It is used to measure the performance of network
which can handle the movement of users and still retain the
service for the user, such as handover.
Utilization :These are used to measure the utilization of
network, whether the network capacity is reached its resource.
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 LTE KPIs
KPI Type/Category Name of KPI
RRC setup success rate
Accessibility KPI ERAB setup success rate
Call Setup Success Rate
Retainability KPI Call drop rate
Service Call drop rate
Mobility KPI Intra-Frequency Handover Out Success Rate
Inter-Frequency Handover Out Success Rate
Inter-RAT Handover Out Success Rate (LTE to
WCDMA)
Integrity KPI E-UTRAN IP Throughput
IP Throughput in DL
E-UTRAN IP Latency
Availability KPI E-UTRAN Cell Availability
Utilization KPI Mean Active Dedicated EPS (Evolved Packet System)
Bearer Utilization

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