“INTELLIGENCE”

( PROJECT PRESENTATION)

Submitted to: Dr .Saraswathi .V

DEPT :- Clinical psychologist
GCNB-02

Submitted by:
Name:- shylaja .M
1st year PBBSc nsg
GNCB-02
 INDEX
 MEANING OF INTELLIGENCE
 DEFINITIONS OF INTELLIGENCE
 NATURE OF INTELLIGENCE
 TYPES OF INTELLIGENCE
 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
 INTELLIGENCE QUOTE
 CLASSIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL ACCORDING TO IQ
 MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE
 LINGUISTIC INTELLIGENCE
 LOGICAL MATHEMATICAL INTELLIGENCE
 SPATIAL OR VISUAL INTELLIGENCE
 MUSICAL INTELLIGENCE
 INTER PERSONAL INTELLIGENCE
 FACTORS AFFECTING INTELLIGENCE
 THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE
MEANING:

•Intelligence came from Latin word intelligere "to understand"

•Intelligence is a key construct employed to know how individuals
differ from one another.
•It also provides an understanding of how people adapt
their behaviour according to the environment in which they live.
• Intelligence is the ability of an individual to cope with his
environment.
• Intelligence characterizes the whole behaviour of an individual
and is sum of her/his abilities which are quantitatively
differentiable.
 DEFINITION OF INTELLIGENCE
• Intelligence is the ability to judge well, reason well and act well (Binet).

• Intelligence is the global or aggregate capacity of an individual to think rationally, act

purposefully, and to deal effectively with her/is environment (Wechsler).

• Intelligence is the capacity to learn and adjust to relatively new and changing conditions
(Wagnon).

• Intelligence is the ability to adapt, to shape and select environment to accomplish one’s
goals and those of one’s society and culture ( Sternberg).
Nature of Intelligence

1.It is an innate mental ability which grows and is influenced by

the environment.
2.It shows the capacity to adapt to new or changed situations
quickly and correctly.
3.It is the ability to carry on higher mental processes such as reason
criticism, rational and judgment.
4.It shows the capacity to observe the relationship and absurdities.
5.It implies the capacity to learn and solve difficult tasks and problems.
Types of intelligence:

Intelligence is divided into three kinds.

1. Concrete intelligence / Mechanical
2. Social or emotional intelligence
3. Abstract or general intelligence
Types cont…..

1.Concrete/ Mechanical intelligence:

* This type of intelligence is applicable for using machines, tools and instruments.
Example:- Mechanics, Engineers are concrete intelligent.
2. Social intelligence:
* It is the ability to understand social situations and act wisely in human
relationship.
* Socially intelligent people know the art of winning friends and influence them .
Example:- Leaders, ministers, salesmen, and diplomats are socially intelligent.
3. Abstract and general intelligence:
• It is the ability to respond to words, numbers and
letters etc.
• This type of intelligence is required from study of
books literature.
Example:- Teachers, lawyers, doctors and
philosophers.
Emotional intelligence
1.First called social intelligence.
2.The ability to perceive, express, understand and regulate emotions.
3.Some studies show EQ (Emotional Quotient) to be a greater
predictor for future success than IQ.
4.It is basis of the empathy for others, self awareness and social skills.
e.g. eye contact, flexibility and cooperation.
5.It helps in building the therapeutic relationship with patient.
Intelligence quotient (IQ)

• The abbreviation "IQ" was coined by the psychologist

William Stem.
• The idea of intelligence quotient was utilized first in 1916 by Binnet
and Simon test.
• Binnet and Simon used mental age to distinguish "bright" from
"dull" children.
• IQ is the ratio between the metal age and chronological age.
IQ = MA/CA x 100 (MA=Mental Age, CA=Child Age)
Ex. A 6 years old boy with the mental age of 4.
IQ = 4/6 x 100 = 66.6
Multiple intelligence

• According to Howard Gardner there are eight types of

intelligence.
• The theory of multiple intelligences differentiates human
intelligence into specific 'modalities', rather than seeing
intelligence as dominated by a single general ability.
• Howard Gardner proposed this model in his 1983 book
Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences.
LINGUISTIC INTELLIGENCE

• It's the ability to use the words effectively when writing or

speaking. It can improve reading the best authors of the
language and having a dictionary near when is reading.
PROFESSIONAL PROFILES: Political or religious leaders,
poets or writes.
LOGICAL MATHEMATICAL INTELLIGENCE
* It is the ability to make quickly numerical calculations,
formulate and verify hypotheses and use the scientific
method.
* It can improve solving abstract problems, doing mental
calculations and with numeric games, among other.
PROFESSIONAL PROFILE: Economist, Scientist, Engineer,
Mathematician
 SPATIAL OR VISUAL INTELLIGENCE
• It is the abilities to present his ideas visually, create mental images,
perceive visual details, draw and make sketches.
• It can improve artistic activities, mental maps, visuals, metaphor etc.
PROFESSIONAL PROFILES: Artist, Photographer, Architect, Designer,
among other.
MUSICAL INTELLIGENCE

• It's the ability to listen, sing, play instruments as well analyze sound in
general.
• It can improve singing, playing instruments, listening to listening to
listening to music, attending concerts, etc.
PROFESSIONALES PROFILES:
Singer, composer, musical critic, among other.
FACTORS AFFECTING INTELLIGENCE

1. Heredity and environment

2. Health and physical development
3. Social and economic conditions
4. Age
5. Culture
THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE

1. Uni or one factor theory

2. Two-factor theory
3. Multiple theory of intelligence
4. Sternberg's view of Intelligence
 Uni or one factor theory
Some psychologists believe intelligence is a basic ability that affects performance on all
cognitively oriented tasks, will do well in computing mathematical problems, analyzing poetry,
taking history essay examinations and solving riddles.
Two factor theory:
• Two factor theory was developed by Charles Spearman (father of factor analysis) in 1927.
• Intellectual abilities were comprised of two factors: one general ability or common ability
known as 'G' factor and the other a group of specific abilities known as 'S' factor.
• 'G' factor is universal inborn ability. Greater 'G' in an individual leads to greater success in
life.
• "S" factor is acquired from the environment. It varies from
activity to activity in the same individual.
• These specific abilities may be represented as :
S1, S2, S3 etc.
According to this theory:
An individual's total intelligence (A) is the sum of the general
factor (G) and all his specific abilities (S). This can be expressed
as:
A = G+S1+S2+S3+......
Group factor or Multifactor theory

• This theory was advocated by LL Thurstone in 1938.

• This theory rejected General Intelligence.
• This theory considers intelligence a combination of numerous
separate factors.
• Instead of viewing intelligence as a single, general ability,
Thurstone's theory focused on seven primary mental abilities.
thank
you
This is where the presentation ends.....