Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education - Region III

Schools Division of City of Malolos
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR NATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOL

TELERADYO MARCELO,
ANG TELE-ARALAN NG
BAWAT MALOLEÑO

MATHEMATICS 9

with
Sir MARLON I.
ATIENZA
Teacher III
REVIE
W
 Ratio is a comparison of two numbers with the same units, or different
units of the same kind. It is obtained by dividing the first number by the
second number.
Proportion is a statement indicating the equality of two ratios. If and
are two equivalent ratios, then is a proportion

I. Simplify each of the following ratios

1. 15 : 5 3. 3 days : 3 weeks
2. 12 : 8 4. 75 centavos : 2 pesos
II. Find the value of x in each proportion.
1. 3.

2. 4.
 I. Simplify each of the following ratios
1. 15 : 5 3. 3 days : 3 weeks
2. 12 : 8 4. 75 centavos : 2 pesos

Solution:
1. 2.

3. 4.
 II. Find the value of x in each proportion.
1. 3.

2. 4.

Solution:
1. 2.
 II. Find the value of x in each proportion.
1. 3.

2. 4.

Solution:
3. 4.
KINDS OF
VARIATION
Direct Variation
Occurs whenever a situation produces pairs of numbers in
which their ratio is a constant.
The statements:
“y varies directly as x”
“y is directly proportional to x” and
“y is proportional to x”

can be translated mathematically as , where k is the

constant of variation.

For two quantities, x and y, an increase in x causes

an increase in y. Similarly, a decrease in x causes a
decrease in y.
Example 1.

The table below shows the number of hours (t) traveled and the
distance (d) by a car.
Number of hours traveled 1 2 3 4 5
Distance in km covered 40 80 120 160 200
40 40 40 40 40

a . Show that d varies directly as t .

For t = 4, therefore For t = 5, therefore

Since = 40 is a constant, then d varies directly as t

Number of hours traveled 1 2 3 4 5
Distance in km covered 40 80 120 160 200

b.

•
•
•

Distance
•

(km)
•
No. of hours
(t)
Example 2: If y varies directly as x and y =16 when x =4, find x
when y = 20.
Solution :
y varies directly as x
derive the equation for the value of k
substitute the values of x and y

substitute the value of k (equation of variation)

20 substitute the value of y
using the Multiplication Property of Equality
 In some cases, one quantity may vary as the square of another. We call
it as direct square variation. One example involves the area of a
circle. That is,𝟐
𝐀 =𝛑 𝐫
Here, is the constant of variation, and the area A varies directly as the
square of the radius r.

Example 3.
If m varies directly as the square of n, and when , find n when .

Solution
: 𝟐
𝒎= 𝒌 𝒏 12= 𝑘 (2)
2
12= 𝑘 ( 4 ) 𝑘= 3
108=3 𝑛 108 =𝑛2
2
36 =𝑛
2
𝑛 =6
3
Example 4: If y varies directly as the square of x and y = 36
when x = 3, find y when x = 5.
Solution :
y varies directly as the square of x
derive the equation for the value of k
substitute the values of x and y

substitute the value of k (equation of variation)

substitute the value of x and simplify
y = 100
Analyze this situation.
The area of a rectangular garden is 36 square meters.
a. Complete the table below where the given rectangular garden with
w as the width and l as the length.
width (w) 1 2 3 4 6 24 30
length (l) 36 18 12 9 6 1.5 1.2
36 36 36 36 36 36 36

b. When w increases, how does l change?

When the value of w increases, the value of l
decreases.
c. What can you say about the value of ?
They have equal value of .
Inverse Variation
Occurs whenever a situation produces pairs of numbers whose
product is a constant.
For two quantities x and y, an increase in x causes a
decrease in y or vice versa. We can say that “y varies
inversely as x”.
The statement, “y varies inversely as x”, translates to ,or ,
where k is the constant of the variation.
Example 1.
The following table shows the time (t), in hours, taken by a car that
travels uniformly from Manila to Baguio at various speed (s), in kph.

Speed 30 40 50 60 80
Time taken 4 3 2.4 2 1.5
120 120 120 120 120

a. Show that s varies inversely as t.

Since is a constant, then and are in inverse

proportion.
 Speed 30 40 50 60 80
Time taken 4 3 2.4 2 1.5

b. Graph t against s. •
c. Write an equation
relating t and s. •
From (a), the
equation relating t •

time
and s is •
.d. Find t when s is •
100kph. •
From (c),
hours.
e. Find s when t is
0.6 hour.
speed
From (c),
.
Example 2.
Suppose y varies inversely as x. When , . Find y when .

Solution
: Since y varies inversely with x,

When and ,
𝑘= 2

Thus, When ,
1
𝑦=
9
 The situations that we have discussed involved only two quantities.
What if the situation requires the use of more than two quantities? The
concept of joint variation will help you deal with problems involving
more than two variables or quantities.

Joint Variation
y varies jointly as x and z if there exists a nonzero constant k
such that , where and .
Example 1. The area of a trapezoid varies jointly as the height h and
the sum of the bases and . find the equation of joint variation if , , , and .

Solution
:
𝑨=𝒌𝒉( 𝒃𝟏 +𝒃 𝟐) 40= 𝑘 (4 )(8+ 12)

40= 𝑘 (4 )(20 )

40= 80 𝑘

𝟏
𝒌=
𝟐
Example 2. Suppose y varies jointly as x and z, and when and .
find y when and .
Solution
: To find y when and , we
have;
𝑦 =2 ( 15 )(6 )
𝑘= 2
𝑦 =180
Rewriting the equation
with , we have:

𝑦 =2 𝑥𝑧
 Combined variation is another physical relationship among
variables. This is the kind of variation that involves both the direct and
inverse variation.
Combined variation is a situation modeled by an equation of the
form, 𝒌𝒙
𝒚=
𝒛
The relationship among variables will be well illustrated in the
following examples.
Examples
: 1. Translating statements into mathematical equations using k as the
constant of variation.
𝒌𝒃
a. T varies directly as b and inversely as 𝑻=
𝒄
c.
b. D varies directly as e and inversely as 𝒌𝒆
the square of f. 𝑫= 𝟐
𝒇
 2. If y varies directly with the square of x and inversely with z.
if , , and , find the value of y when and .

Solution
: 𝒌𝒙
𝟐
𝒚= To find the value of y when and .
𝒛
2 𝟐
𝑘 (2) 𝒌𝒙
1= 𝒚=
10 𝒛
4𝑘 5
( 4)
2

1= 2
10 𝑦=
5
10=4 𝑘 5
(16 )
10 2
𝑘= 𝑦=
4 5
5 5( 8)
𝑘= 𝑦= 𝒚 =𝟖
2 5
Let’s summarize:
Direct Variation Inverse Variation
y varies directly with x y varies inversely with x
; or ;

VARIATION

Joint Variation and Combined

Variation
y varies jointly as x and z
;
y varies directly as x and inversely as z
,
Let’s practice:
A. Determine whether the following table is direct or inverse variation.
1. x 1 2 3 4 5
DIRECT
y 4 8 12 16 20
2. x 2 3 4 5 6
INVERSE
y 60 40 30 24 20
3. x 2 3 4 5 6
INVERSE
y 90 60 45 36 30

4. x 4 5 8 12 17
DIRECT
y 28 35 56 84 119

5. x 5 10 15 20 25
DIRECT
y 50 100 150 200 250
Let’s practice:
B. Translate each into mathematical equation.
1. The electric current I of an electric circuit varies directly as the
voltage V.𝑰 =𝒌𝑽

2. The area A of a circle is directly proportional to the square of its

𝟐
radius r. 𝑨=𝒌 𝒓
3. The altitude h of a parallelogram with a constant area A varies
inversely as its base b. 𝑨
𝒉=
𝒃 𝒌𝒎
4. S varies directly as m and inversely as the square of 𝑺=
b. 𝟐
𝒃
5. The area of a parallelogram varies jointly as the base b and the
altitude h.
𝑨=𝒌𝒃𝒉
Let’s practice:
C. Solve each indicated value.
1. If y varies directly as x, and when , find the value of y when .

The value of y is 2 when x is 6.

2. If A varies directly as the square of b, and when , find A when .

The value of A is 294 when b is 21.

Its your turn
THANK
YOU!
CONGRATULATIONS!
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completed this lesson.
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more lessons in
Grade 9
Mathematics.

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