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Ray Optics Presentation

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2 views

Ray Optics Presentation

Uploaded by

soumyachandran79
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ray Optics

Class 12 Physics
Introduction
• • Ray optics, also known as geometrical optics,
deals with light as rays.
• • It explains phenomena such as reflection,
refraction, and image formation.
• • Essential for understanding optical
instruments and devices.
Reflection of Light
• • Laws of Reflection:
• - The angle of incidence is equal to the angle
of reflection.
• - The incident ray, reflected ray, and normal
lie in the same plane.
• • Types of Mirrors:
• - Plane mirror, concave mirror, convex mirror.
Refraction of Light
• • Refraction is the bending of light when it
passes from one medium to another.
• • Laws of Refraction:
• - Incident ray, refracted ray, and normal lie in
the same plane.
• - Snell's Law: n₁sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂.
• • Refractive Index: Ratio of the speed of light
in vacuum to its speed in the medium.
Total Internal Reflection
• • Occurs when light passes from a denser to a
rarer medium.
• • Conditions:
• - Angle of incidence > critical angle.
• • Applications:
• - Optical fibers, diamonds, mirage effect.
Optical Instruments
• • Microscope: Used for magnifying small
objects.
• • Telescope: Used for viewing distant objects.
• • Other Instruments: Periscope, camera,
binoculars.
Lens and Mirror Formula
• • Mirror Formula: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u.
• • Lens Formula: 1/f = (n₂/n₁ - 1)(1/R₁ - 1/R₂).
• • Magnification:
• - m = -v/u (for mirrors).
• - m = h₂/h₁ (for lenses).
Applications
• • Designing lenses and mirrors for optical
instruments.
• • Fiber optics for communication.
• • Medical devices like endoscopes.
• • Everyday applications like glasses and
cameras.
Conclusion
• • Ray optics provides a fundamental
understanding of light behavior.
• • It is the basis for designing optical
instruments.
• • Applications span across science,
technology, and daily life.

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