Scribd
Upload
13 views28 pages

Rickettsiae,Chlamydia and Mycoplasma

Uploaded by

samim27101999
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views28 pages

Rickettsiae,Chlamydia and Mycoplasma

Uploaded by

samim27101999
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

Rickettsiae,Chlamydia and

Mycoplasma
-By Malabika Biswas,MBBS,MD
Microbiology(Gold Medalist),
STM Kolkata
Rickettsiae
Small,non-motile,gram
negative,coccobacilli,that possesses the
following characteristics;
 Obligate,intracellular organisms
 Not cultivable in artificial media,though they
can grow in cell lines,or by egg or animal
inoculation
 Transmitted by vectors : arthropods like
tick,mite,lice or flea.
Classification
Family Rickettsiaceae has 2 pathogenic genera
–Rickettsia and Orientia.
Rickettsiae Versus Viruses
 Due to small size and obligate,intracellular
properties,Rickettsiae were once thought to be
viruses,however now they are confirmed to be
bacteria because :
 Gram negative cell wall
 Contain both DNA and RNA
 Possess ribosomes for protein synthesis and
enzymes for Kreb’s Cycle
 Multiply by binary fission.
 Susceptible to antibiotics
 Large enough to be seen under light microscope
 Held back by bacterial filters.
Pathogenesis
 Transmission
 Tick and mite
borne(bites)
 Louse and flea
borne(autoinocula
tion due to
scratching of
abraded skin or
mucosa
contaminated by
insect feces)
 Transovarial
transmission(pass
to their offsprings)
Lab Diagnosis

Serology
Histopathologica
Mainstay of PCR
l Diagnosis
diagnosis
Serology
Weil Felix Test
Indirect Immunofluorescence Test
ELISA : antibody appears 7-10 days after
infection .ELISA has excellent sensitivity and
specificity.
Weil Felix Test
Histopathology
Isolation : inoculation into cell
lines(Vero,WI-38,HeLa),egg,yolk sac or
animals(guinea pig)
Neil Mooser Reaction : intraperitoneal
inoculation into guinea pig,leads to
testicular inflammation(positive tunica
reaction).Shown by R.conori,R.akari,R.typhi.
PCR
Detecting gene encoding 56 kDa,47
kDa,16s Rrna or Omp genes
Chlamydia
They are obligate,intracellular bacteria that
causes a spectrum of diseases in man like
trachoma,lymphogranuloma
venereum(LGV),conjunctivitis,pneumonia and
psittacosis and cause widespread diseases in
birds and mammals.
Characteristics
Like virus Like bacteria
Obligate intracellular Posses both DNA and RNA
Cell wall is similar to GNB
Cannot be grown in
No peptidoglycan layer
artificial Multiply by binary fission
media(however can Contain prokaryotic 70S
grow in cell ribosomes
lines,embryonated egg Capable of synthesizing
or animals) own nucleic acid,lipids and
Filterable-small enough proteins
Susceptible to antibiotics
to pass through
bacterial filters
Produce
intracytoplasmic
Life Cycle
Laboratory Diagnosis
Microscopy : detects Chlamydia inclusion
bodies by following staining methods :
Lugol’s iodine,other stains like
Castaneda,Machiavello or Gimenez stains.
Direct IF : used to detect inclusion bodies.
Antigen detection by enzyme immunoassays.
Culture : gold standard,on egg(yolk sac),mice
inoculation,cell line culture,cell lines :
McCoy,HeLa,Hep2
NAAT : preferred method
nowadays.Diagnostic assay of choice.Eg :
PCR.Most sensitive and specific assay of
choice.
Serology : CFT,Micro-IF
Mycoplasma
Smallest microbes capable of free-living in the
environment and self-replicating on artificial
media.
Features
 Very small(150-350 nm in size)
 Filterable by bacterial filters
 However unlike viruses they are;
 Free living in the environment
 Can grown on artificial cell-free culture media
 Possess triple layered cell membrane containing sterol,lack rigid
cell wall.
 So completely resistant to cell wall acting antibiotics like beta
lactams.
 Highly pleomorphic ,exist in coccoid,bacillary or filamentous
forms.
 Poorly gram negative,better stained by Giemsa stain.
 Reproduce by binary fission and budding.
 Have gliding motility due to specialised tip structures,no flagella
 Contaminants of cell cultures.
Laboratory Diagnosis
 Specimen : throat swabs,nasopharyngeal swabs,aspirates,bronchial
brushings,BAL and lung biopsies.
 Diene’s Staining : plate flooded with alcoholic solution of methylene
blue and azure and examined under low power microscope.Appears
intense royal blue.
 Culture :
 Solid medium containing PPLO agar : fried egg colonies.
 Liquid medium containing PPLO broth : produces turbidity and a
colour change .
• Antigenic detection : Direct IF,antigen capture ELISA
 Antibody detection : CFT,indirect IF,LAT,ELISA
 Cold agglutination test : it uses human O blood group RBC(I antigen)
and test is carried out at 4 degree celcius.
 Streptococcus MG test : use of killed suspension of Streptococcus MG
(group F)
 Molecular Methods : detects 16S rRNA and P1 adhesin gene.
Typical fried egg appearance
Thank You

You might also like