DO YOU AGREE THAT WOMEN AND

MEN SHOULD ALWAYS BE TREATED

THE SAME WAY?
 ACTIVITY. TRUE OR FALSE
1. Discrimination is a biased thought against an
individual or group.
2. Having a high quality, free education, and
health care available or everyone helps reduce
inequality.
3. Same-sex marriage is legal in the Philippines.
4. Traditionally, women were accorded more on
social and political rights.
5. Social inequality is almost present in all
societies.
 C. Discussion

SOCIAL INEQUALITY
Societies are usually characterized by
divisions. Social divisions reflect an
unequal distribution of status, wealth,
and power within society and result in
individuals and groups occupying
different positions of influence and
power.
 Social Inequality and Poverty

Social class and stratification are

important concepts in
understanding social inequality.
Social classes are derived from the
inequalities brought about by the
possession and control of
resources, as well as access to
opportunities for education and
employment.
Status- esteem or “social honor”
given to certain individuals or
groups (Max Weber)
The concept of class is evident in many
industrialized societies, which are
generally divided into the upper class,
middle class, and the lower or working
class.
Upper class- the rich, well
born, powerful or a
combination of these.

Middle class- people who

fall socioeconomically
between the lower and
the upper classes

lower class or working

class- employed in low
wage jobs, sometimes
called blue- collar jobs
 Under class refer to segment of
society that is not only affected by
poverty but is also subject to social
exclusion.

Squatters-Under-the-Bridge-Children-Family
Income, affluence and poverty are
also important factors that define
social inequality.
Those belonging to the upper class
in society have larger and steadily
increasing incomes compared to
the lower class, who have low
incomes.
 The distribution of
wealth and income
remains highly unequal
in many societies and
have contributed to the
growing gap between
the rich and the poor.
 Poverty is most prevalent in developing
countries.
-In the Philippines, 25% of
Filipinos are poor.
- Mindanao have the greatest
incidence of poverty among
regions
- in 2015 survey by Social Weather
Stations (SWS) determines that
51% of families consider
themselves poor
- 18.1% poverty level in 2021
- PH poverty rate declines
22.4% in 1st half 2023
 Types of Poverty

absolute poverty- lack of basic

resources like food, clean water,
safe housing, and access to
healthcare needed to maintain a
quality lifestyle.

relative poverty- applies to

those who may be able to obtain
basic necessities but are still
unable to maintain an average
standard of living compared to
the rest of the society.
 Subjective poverty- defined by how an
individual evaluates his/ her actual income
against his/ her expectations and
perceptions.
GENDER INEQUALITY
 Gender- culturally imposed
characteristics that define
masculinity and feminity.

Sex- biological and anatomical

differences that distinguish males
from females
 Gender role- specific tasks or behaviors
expected of a person by virtue of his/
her sex.
Ex: Girls and women are generally expected to dress in
typically feminine ways and be polite, accommodating
and nurturing. Men are generally expected to be
strong, aggressive, and bold.
 Gender identity- how a person
identifies himself or herself
belonging to a particular gender
 Gender Inequality and Issues

- patriarchy is a socially sanctioned

and systematic domination of males
over females and this is expressed
in various aspects of society.
B. Presenting examples/instances of the
new lesson
 C. Discussion
Ethnicity and Race Issue
 Race
refers to a group of people who
share a common ancestry.

It refers to physical or genetic

differences among human kind
that distinguish one group of
people from another such as
skin and hair color, physique
and facial features.
 Ethnicity
is the felling of affinity or loyalty
towards a particular population, cultural
group, or territorial area.

is a form of cultural
identity, although it
operates at a deeper
and more emotional
level.
 Prejudice involves holding
“stereotypes” or preconceived
views that are often based on
faulty generalizations about
members of a race or particular
ethnic group.
- Sets of attitudes, beliefs and practices used to justify the
superior treatment of another racial or ethnic group.
Types of Prejudice

Discrimination refers to
actions or behavior of members
of a dominant social
group that negatively
impact other members
of society that do not
belong to the dominant
group
Racial inequality and discrimination
is most prevalent in modern
multicultural societies.

The constant interaction between

people of varied ethnicities and
cultural background inevitably leads to
conflicts that contribute to the
emergence of inequality and
discrimination
 In the Philippines, which is
comprised of many ethnolinguistic
groups, ethnicity can be a source of
conflict.

ex: armed conflict in Mindanao where

Muslim groups are fighting for their right to
have more autonomy or establish a
Bangsamoro or a Moro state
Other groups, especially indigenous
groups like the Lumads, experience
great difficulty in accessing
resources and availing of education,
employment, and health services
These groups also suffer from other
stereotypes and discriminatory
attitudes from fellow Filipinos
Indigenous peoples
have been
repeatedly
subjected to
displacement,
although there are
no laws that are
supposed to
protect their rights.
 Discussion
Other Minorities
 Other groups that may be
considered belonging to the
minority include persons with
disabilities (PWDs), the elderly,
certain religious groups, and
communities living in isolated areas.
The inequalities and discrimination
experienced by these groups do not
fall neatly within the category of
class, gender, ethnicity and race.

However, their experiences indicate that

inequality exists in many forms and may be
expressed in various ways in society.
 Primary issues involving these
groups include lack of access to
resources and opportunities.
 A number of
minorities also
experience
discrimination
and even
violence.
Disabled people find it very difficult to
gain employment in certain industries
and are often treated differently from
their more able counterparts.
- Isolated communities are often
denied basic services such as
infrastructure, electricity, and
adequate clean water supply.
 The elderly also experience
difficulties with regard to
employment and often find it
difficult to meet their needs without
assistance.
 Certain religious groups have to deal
with being subjected to stigma or
isolation because other members of
society perceive their beliefs and
behaviors as “peculiar” or “dangerous”.
Religious discrimination is not limited to
fringe beliefs of so called sects. Even
mainstream religions can be
discriminated against.
An example is Islam, whose adherents
face discrimination and even outright
hostility because of the perceived
notion that their religion espouses
violence and terrorism.
 F. Finding practical application of concepts and
skills in daily living.

Suggest ways to
address ethnicity
and race issues,
minorities and
global
inequalities.