LEBANESE

REPUBLIC

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 AIM

To acquaint you with the major features &

events of Lebanon

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 SEQUENCE
 Country Identification
 Location
 Geography
 Climate
 Historical Background
 National Flag
 Government
 People
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 SEQUENCE
 Religion
 Language
 Defense
 Economy
 Tourism and Tourist Attraction
 Present Issues
 Conclusion
Q & A
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 COUNTRY IDENTIFICATION
BASIC INFORMATION
• Capital : Beirut
• Largest City : Beirut
• Official Language : Arabic and French
• Area : 10,452 km²
(4,036 mile2)
• Population : 6,006,668 (2016)
• Independence : 22 Nov 1943
• Currency : Lebanese Pound
(LBP)
• Time zone : UTC +2
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LOCATION

Lebanon

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 LOCATION
o Bordered by-Syria (north
and east)
Mediterranean Sea (west)
Israel (South)

o Lebanon has a coastline

and border of 225 km
(140 mi) on the
Mediterranean sea to the
west.

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 GEOGRAPHY

 Lebanon is divided into four distinct physiographic

regions:

-The Coastal Plain,

-The Lebanon Mountain Range,
-The Bekka Valley and
-The Anti-Lebanon Mountains.

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 CLIMATE

• Lebanon has a moderate Mediterranean climate.

• In coastal areas, winters are generally cool and
rainy whilst summers are hot and humid.
• In more elevated areas, temperatures usually
drop below freezing during the winter with heavy
snow cover

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 ier
HISTORY OF LEBANON earl
k to
bac

was
n
ano
Ancient Phoenician 3200–883 BC
Leb
Babylonian rule 605–538 BC
s in
ent
Persian rule 538–332 BC
lem
Classical Hellenistic rule 332–64 BC
sett
Roman rule 64 BC – 646 AD
wn
Medieval Arab rule 636–1516
kno
iest
Ottoman rule 1516–1917
earl
Modern Allied administration 1917–1920
• The
French rule 1920–1943
Lebanese Republic 1943–present 10
 LEBANESE CIV WAR

• The Lebanese Civil War was a multifaceted civil

war in Lebanon,
• lasting from 1975 to 1990 and resulting in an
estimated 1,20,000 fatalities.
• As of 2012, approximately 76,000 people remain
displaced within Lebanon.

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 LEBANESE CIV WAR
Battles between the PLO and
13 April 1975 the Kataeb Christian militia spread to
parts of Beirut

The Karantina massacre and

the Damour massacre. Elias Sarkis is
elected president. The Syrian army
1976
intervenes for the first time. An Arab
League summit occurs to instill a
ceasefire.
The Hundred Days' War begins and the
February – March, ceasefire ends. The United Nations
1978 sends troops and foreign powers deploy
aid to the two sides of the war.
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 LEBANESE CIV WAR

Bashir Gemayel, leader of the Kataeb militia,

July, 1980
unites all the Christian militias by force

The 1982 Lebanon War occurs. Bashir

Summer, Gemayel is elected president on 23 August
1982 and assassinated 14 September. The Israelis
withdraw. Amin Gemayel is elected president.

Summer,
The Mountain War begins.
1983

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 LEBANESE CIV WAR
The Amal Party and the Druze Progressive
February,
Socialist Party take control of West Beirut.
1984
The multi-nationals withdraw from Lebanon.

October, Assassination attempt on Hezbollah

1985 leader, Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah.

Rashid Karami is assassinated on 1 June

1987 1987. The First Intifada begins and the anger
toward Israel in Lebanon increases.

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 LEBANESE CIV WAR
Amin Gemayel's presidential term expires
September, and he appoints the commander of the
1988 army, General Michel Aoun as interim prime
minister.

General Aoun declares war. After seven

14 March
months of shelling a ceasefire is negotiated
1989
by the Arab League.

The Taif Agreement occurs. René Moawad is

October – elected president and is assassinated 17
November, days later. Elias Hrawi is then elected.
1989 General Aoun denounces the legitimacy of
these presidencies.
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 LEBANESE CIV WAR
13 October General Aoun was forced out of the
1990 presidential palace and went into exile.

A National Reconciliation was formed under

24 December the leadership of Omar Karami. The Taif
1990 Agreement was for the first time being put
into practice.

26 August Parliament passed the law of General

1991 Amnesty.

The first parliamentary election in twenty

Summer 1992
years took place.

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NATIONAL FLAG

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 GOVERNMENT

• National legislature - Unicameral

Parliament

• Total Seats - 128

• Divided equally between Christians and Muslims,

proportionately between the 18 different
denominations and 26 regions.
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 GOVERNMENT
Head of state: The President
Michel Aoun

Head of govt : The Prime Minister

Saad Hariri

*Next nationwide elections –May

2018
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 GOVERNMENT

• Six governorates which are further subdivided

into twenty-five districts.
-Beirut Governorate
-Nabatieh Governorate
-Bekka Governorate
-North Governorate
-Mount Lebanon Governorate
-South Governorate

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 GOVERNMENT

• Lebanon is a parliamentary democracy that

includes confessionalism,
• The President - Maronite Christian
• The Prime Minister - Sunni Muslim,
• The Speaker of the Parliament a Shi’a Muslim
• The Deputy Prime Minister- Eastern Orthodox.

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 PEOPLE
• The population of Lebanon was estimated to be
6,006,668 in 2016

• No official census has been conducted since

1932

• As of 2012, Lebanon was host to over

16,00,000 refugees and asylum seekers

• The latest estimates by the United Nations-

more than 12,50,000 Syrian refugees
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 RELIGION

• Lebanon is the most

religiously diverse country in
the Middle East. As of 2014:
-Muslim 54% 6% 0%

-Christian 40%
40%
-Druze 5.6% 54%

• -Others 0.4%
Muslims
Christians
Druze
Others
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 LANGUAGES

• Arabic and French are the official national

language

• The majority of Lebanese people

speak Lebanese Arabic

• Modern Standard Arabic is mostly used in

magazines, newspapers, and formal broadcast
media

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 DEFENSE

• The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) has 72,000

active personnel
-69900 in the Army
-1,100 in the air force,
-1,000 in the navy.
• 2.8% of total GDP is spent behind Armed Forces
• With more than $400 million since 2005, it is the
second largest per capita recipient of American
military aid.

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 ECONOMY

• Most of the economy is dollarized

• No restrictions on the movement of capital
across its borders.
• The political and security instability in the Arab
world, especially in Syria, is expected to have a
negative impact on the domestic business and
economic environment.
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 ECONOMY

• In 2010 public debt exceeded 150.7% of GDP,

ranking fourth highest in the world as a
percentage of GDP.

• Remittances from Lebanese abroad total

$8.2 billion - one fifth of the country's economy.

• Lebanon has the largest proportion of skilled

labor among Arab States.

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 ECONOMY

• The agricultural sector employs 12% of the

total workforce.
• Oil and natural gas have recently been
discovered inland and in the seabed
• Dependence on the tourism and banking
• Expenditures related only to the Syrian refugees
were estimated by the Central Bank of Lebanon
as $4.5 billion every year

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 ECONOMY

• Comparison between Bangladesh and Lebanon:

Bangladesh Lebanon
-Currency BDT LBP
-GDP ($) 249 billion 47.4 billion
-GDP /Capita 1610 $ 14,068 $
-Unemployment 4.18 % 7.26 %
-Foreign Reserve 33.02 billion $ 48.6 billion
$

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 TOURISM AND
TOURIST ATTRACTION
• In 2009, The New York Times ranked Beirut the
No. 1 travel destination worldwide due to its
nightlife and hospitality.

• 1,851,081 tourists had visited Lebanon in 2009.

• Tourist arrivals reached two million in 2010, but

fell by 37% for the first 10 months of 2012, a
decline caused by the war in neighbouring
countries.
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 TOURISM AND
TOURIST ATTRACTION

Batroun Harbour
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 TOURISM AND
TOURIST ATTRACTION

Citadel of Raymond
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 TOURISM AND
TOURIST ATTRACTION

Arches at the Ruins of Anjar

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 TOURISM AND
TOURIST ATTRACTION

Our Lady of Lebanon

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 TOURISM AND
TOURIST ATTRACTION

Roman Temple at Baalbek

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 TOURISM AND
TOURIST ATTRACTION

Tetra pylon at Anjar

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 RECENT ISSUES

• The present issues of Lebanon are as follows:

-Religion/political issues.
-Weak armed forces and Hezbollah is
becoming more powerful.
-Syrian and Palestinians refugees.
-Hostile Neighbours- Israel, Syria, ISIS

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CONCLUSION

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Q&A

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 REFENCES

• https://
www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/leban
on/lbtimeln2.htm

• http://
www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14649284

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon

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