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program. 1
Grade 7

Unit 4:
Solutions, Solubility, and
Chemical Identification
Science
Lesson 2

Factors Affecting Solubility

Science
 Learning Competencies

At the end of this lesson, the learners should be able to do the following:
● Express quantitatively the amount of solute present in a given
volume of solvent.
● Demonstrate how different factors affect the solubility of a solute in a
given solvent, such as heat.

4
 Learning Targets

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to do the following:
● Conduct experiments to observe solubility changes.
● Investigate how different factors affect solubility.
● Analyze the effect of heat on solubility.

5
Introduction

Have you ever mixed sugar in your tea and

wondered why it disappears?
 Introduction

This magic-like process is called solubility, and it is a super

important part of science that helps us understand how
substances mix together. It is the reason we can enjoy sweet
tea or use salt to flavor our food. Scientists study solubility to
create medicines, design foods, and even solve crimes!
 Essential Question

How can understanding the solubility of

substances help us solve real-world problems?
 Warm-Up

Saturation and
Dissolution Rates
Let us observe the
process of making
solutions in this
simple activity!
 Warm-Up

Materials

● table salt ● 4 clear glasses, spoon

● sugar ● measuring spoon
● warm water (approximately● stopwatch or timer
40°C) ● thermometer
● cold water (room
temperature)
 Warm-Up

Step-by-Step Procedure

Fill one of each with

Measure and
Label two cold water and the
record the initial
glasses as other with warm
temperature of
'salt' and two water, ensuring an
the water in
as 'sugar'. equal amount of
each glass.
water in all glasses.
 Warm-Up

Step-by-Step Procedure

Then continue adding 1 spoonful

Starting with
Use the stopwatch to at a time, timing and stirring
cold water,
time how long it until it dissolves completely. Note
add a spoonful
takes for the salt to the number of spoonfuls until no
of salt to the
dissolve completely. more salt can dissolve, indicating
glass labeled
Record the time. saturation. Repeat for the sugar
'salt'.
glass with cold water.
 Warm-Up

Step-by-Step Procedure

Recording both the

Repeat step 3 time it takes for each
for the glasses spoonful to dissolve
with warm and the number of
water. spoonfuls until
saturation.
 Warm-Up

Observation Table

Time Taken to Number of

Water
Substance Dissolve Each Spoonfuls until
Temperature
Spoonful Saturation

Salt

Sugar
 Warm-Up

Reflect & Discuss

1. Based on your observations, how does temperature affect the time

taken for the substances to dissolve?
2. Did you notice any differences in the number of spoonfuls it took to
reach saturation between the two substances? What factors might
influence this difference?
3. Reflecting on your experiment, why do you think the rate of
dissolution and the amount of solute that can be dissolved
(saturation) are important to understand in everyday life and
scientific processes?
Learn about It

Recall: Solution = Solute + Solvent

Remember

Solubility is defined as the maximum amount of solute that can

dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature and pressure.
Learn about It

Recall: Like dissolves like

 Learn about It
Factors Affecting Solubility
Nature of Solute and
Temperature (T) Pressure (P)
Solvent
● For most solids, ● Affects gases ● Solutes tend to
increase in T, increase ● Increase in P, increase dissolve more readily
in solubility in solubility in solvents with
● For gases, increase in similar chemical
T, decrease in property
solubility

● For carbonated drinks ● For carbonated drinks

● For carbonated drinks
(soda), gases escape (soda), some gases
(soda), gases escape
out (effervescence) dissolve because they
out (effervescence)
when pressure is react with the solvent
 Learn about It

Saturation of Solutions

● Saturated solution:
○ Contains the maximum amount
of dissolved solute at a given T
and P
○ Additional solute will not
dissolve
● Unsaturated solution
○ has not reached its capacity for
dissolving solute
○ More can be added and
 Learn about It

Saturation of Solutions
● Supersaturated solution
○ A solution that has
dissolved solute more than
its maximum capacity
○ Can be achieved (most of
the time) by dissolving a
solute at a higher
temperature
○ Agitation can crystallize out
excess solute
 Learn about It

Think! Can you share

the importance of
solubility in cooking?
 Solubility
Learn
Temperatur about It
e (T), ºC NaCl KNO3 C12H22O11 NH4Cl
Solubility Curve Activity
0 35.7 13.3 180 28.3

20 36.0 31.6 203 33.2

40 36.4 63.9 238 37.2

60 37.0 110.0 280 41.0
Learn about It
Solubility Curve
 Key Points

● Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent, like salt

in water, and it is very important in our daily lives.
● Solubility depends on temperature, pressure, and the type of
substances involved.
○ For most solids dissolved in liquids, an increase in temperature leads
to an increase in solubility; however, the opposite is often true for
gases.
○ Pressure mainly affects the solubility of gases, with higher pressure
typically increasing solubility.
○ The chemical nature of the solute and solvent is also essential—
substances with similar properties are more likely to dissolve in each
 Key Points

● A solubility curve shows how the solubility of substances changes

with temperature.
● Saturated solutions contain the maximum amount of solute that
can dissolve, while unsaturated solutions can dissolve more solute.
Synthesis

How can understanding the

solubility of substances help us
solve real-world problems?

27
Synthesis

Considering what we've learned today, how do you think

the knowledge of solubility can impact your daily life or
future career?
28
 Synthesis

How can advancements in technology improve the solubility of

pollutants in water, contributing to cleaner water sources?
29
 Attributions

side view a woman pours tea in armudu glass with lemon slices and cake on the table is licensed under
Envato Elements
License via Envato Elements.

pouring white sugar in a glass of water on table is licensed under Envato Elements License via
Envato Elements.

Oil in water, abstract background in golden tones is licensed under Envato Elements License via
Envato Elements.

Laboratory flask glassware with reflections on table close up is licensed under Envato Elements License
via Envato Elements.

Male researcher carrying out scientific research in a lab. Flasks with liquids in a lab. Liquid in is licensed
under Envato Elements License via Envato Elements.

Pharmacy, pills and portrait of a woman pharmacist ready for customer service. Pharmaceutical store is
licensed under Envato Elements License via Envato Elements.
 Attributions

Closeup photo of toxic wastes, oil and plastic polluting ground. Concept of harm to environment and is
licensed under Envato Elements License via Envato Elements.
References

Atkins,
Peregoy,Peter, and Julio
Suzanne, and de Paula.
Owen Physical
F. Boyle. Chemistry.
Reading, Oxford:
Writing, Oxford University
and Learning Press,
in ESL. New 2010.
York: Longman, 1997.

Puzo, Mario. The Godfather. New York: Signet, 1978.

Chang, Raymond. Chemistry. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2016.
Redmon, Allen H. “How Many Lebowskis Are There? Genre, Spectatorial Authorship, and The Big
Lebowski.”
Silberberg, Martin S. Journal of The
Chemistry: Popular Film Nature
Molecular & Television
of Matter 40, no. 2 (2012):
and Change. 52–61.
7th ed. New York:doi:10.1080/
01956051.2011.613422
McGraw-Hill Education, 2014.

32