Essentials Of Fire Fighting

Seventh Edition

Chapter 1
Introduction to the Fire
Service and Firefighter
Safety
Learning Objective 1

Explain the mission of the fire

service.

1–2
Fire Service Mission

(Cont.)

1–3
Fire Service Mission

1–4
 Structural fire suppression courtesy of Bob Esposito
All-Hazard Concept Approach To

1–5
Fire Protection
Fire Department Mission
Statement

1–6
REVIEW QUESTION

What is the overall mission of

the fire service?

1–7
DISCUSSION QUESTION

What are some community

needs
in your jurisdiction that may
affect
the fire service mission?

1–8
Learning Objective 2

Describe how fire departments

are organized.

1–9
AHJ Establishes Organization Of
The Fire Department

1–10
Scalar Organizational Structure
Decisions and
information

Feedback and
information
1–11
Organizational Principles

1–12
Chain of Command and Unity of
Command

1–13
Span Of Control

1–14
Discipline and Division Of Labor

1–15
Types Of Fire Departments

(Cont.)

1–16
Types Of Fire Departments

1–17
Fire Companies

(Cont.)
1–18
Fire Companies

1–19
Classifications Of Fire
Department Personnel

1–20
REVIEW QUESTION

How are fire departments

organized?

1–21
DISCUSSION QUESTION

How are fire departments

organized in your jurisdiction?

1–22
Learning Objective 3

Describe the various

specializations within the fire
service.

1–23
Criteria For Fire Fighter I And
Fire Fighter II

1–24
Basic Necessary Medical Care
Skills

1–25
Standards For Fire Fighting
Specialties

1–26 (Cont.)
Standards For Fire Fighting
Specialties

1–27
Fire Fighter I And II Training

• Fire suppression
• Search and rescue
• Extrication
• Ventilation
• Salvage
• Overhaul
• EMS
• Hazardous materials
1–28
Differences Between Fire
Fighter I And Fire Fighter II

1–29
Fire Service Specialties

1–30
Fire Service Officers

1–31
Fire Prevention Division

1–32 (Cont.)
Fire Prevention Division

1–33
Training Division

1–34
REVIEW QUESTION

What specialized jobs and

divisions exist within the fire
service?

1–35
DISCUSSION QUESTION

What specialized jobs within

the
fire service interest you? Why?

1–36
Learning Objective 4

Describe fire department SOPs,

rules, and regulations that
affect a Fire Fighter I.

1–37
Written Regulations

1–38
Learn And Adhere To
Department Regulations

1–39
Finding Regulations

1–40
Policies

• Guide to decision making within

organization
• Distributed from top management
• Set boundaries and establish
conduct standards
• Address specific issues
• May be created in response to
government mandates
• May be written or unwritten
1–41
Procedures

1–42
REVIEW QUESTION

What types of written

regulations
affect firefighters?

1–43
DISCUSSION QUESTION

Why do you think that SOPs

are critical to the fire service?

1–44
Learning Objective 5

Explain ways that fire

departments may interact with
other organizations and agencies.

1–45
Interaction With Other Agencies
And Organizations

(Cont.)

1–46
Interaction With Other Agencies
And Organizations

(Cont.)
1–47
Interaction With Other Agencies
And Organizations

1–48
REVIEW QUESTION

How do fire departments

interact
with other organizations and
agencies?

1–49
DISCUSSION QUESTION

What are examples of

organizations
and agencies within your
community that the fire service
may need to interact with?

1–50
Learning Objective 6

Explain the roles and duties of a

Fire Fighter I.

1–51
Incident Priorities

1–52
Emergency And Nonemergency
Duties Of A Fire Fighter I
Required By NFPA 1001

• Establish work areas at emergency

scenes
• Force entry into structures
• Set up and use ground ladders
• Extinguish fires
• Conduct search and rescue
• Overhaul a fire scene
• Set up electrical and lighting
(Cont.)
equipment
1–53
Emergency And Nonemergency
Duties Of A Fire Fighter I
Required By NFPA 1001
• Tie knots for hoisting tools
• Connect pumpers to hydrants and
perform hose lays
• Turn off building utilities
• Route emergency and nonemergency
telephone calls
• Communicate over department radios
• Clean, inspect, and maintain equipment
• Prepare apparatus hose loads

1–54
REVIEW QUESTION

What is the role of a Fire

Fighter I?

1–55
Learning Objective 7

Describe fire and life safety

initiatives aimed at reducing
firefighter illnesses, injuries, and
fatalities.

1–56
Firefighter Injuries And
Fatalities

1–57
Firefighter Injuries And
Fatalities Information Sources

 NFPA®
 United States Fire Administration (USFA)
 National Institute for Occupational
Health and Safety (NIOSH)
 Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)
 National Near-Miss Reporting System
 National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST)

1–58
NOTE

Reporting in Canada is performed

at the provincial or territorial level.
Canada has no national reporting
system.

1–59
The National Fallen Firefighters
Foundation (NFFF)

NFFF Mission

"To honor and remember America's

fallen fire heroes, to provide
resources to assist their survivors in
rebuilding their lives, and work within
the Fire Service Community to reduce
firefighter deaths and injuries"

1–60
NFFF 16 Firefighter Life Safety
Initiatives

(Cont.)

1–61
NFFF 16 Firefighter Life Safety
Initiatives

1. Define and advocate the need for a cultural

change relating to safety; incorporating
leadership, management, supervision,
accountability and personal responsibility

2. Enhance personal and organizational

accountability for health and safety

3. Focus greater attention on integration of risk

management with incident management at all
levels, including strategic, tactical, and planning
responsibilities (Cont.)

1–62
 NFFF 16 Firefighter Life Safety
Initiatives

4. All firefighters must be empowered to stop unsafe

practices

5. Develop and implement national standards for

training, qualifications, and certification (including
regular recertification) that are equally applicable to
all firefighters based on the duties they are
expected to perform

6. Develop and implement national medical and

physical fitness standards that are equally
applicable to all firefighters, based on the duties
they are expected to perform (Cont.)

1–63
NFFF 16 Firefighter Life Safety
Initiatives

7. Create a national research agenda and data

collection system that relates to the initiatives

8. Utilize available technology wherever it can

produce higher levels of health and safety

9. Thoroughly investigate all firefighter fatalities,

injuries, and near misses

10. Grant programs should support the

implementation of safe practices and/or
mandate safe practices as an eligibility (Cont.)
requirement
1–64
NFFF 16 Firefighter Life Safety
Initiatives

11. National standards for emergency response

policies and procedures should be
developed and championed

12. National protocols for response to violent

incidents should be developed and
championed

13. Firefighters and their families must have

access to counseling and psychological
(Cont.)
support

1–65
NFFF 16 Firefighter Life Safety
Initiatives

14. Public education must receive more

resources and be championed as a critical
fire and life safety program

15. Advocacy must be strengthened for the

enforcement of codes and the installation of
home fire sprinklers

16. Safety must be a primary consideration in

the design of apparatus and equipment

1–66
International Association Of Fire
Chiefs (IAFC) Fire Fighter Safety
Stand-Down

1–67
REVIEW QUESTION

What initiatives have been

created
to help reduce firefighter line
of duty illnesses, injuries, and
fatalities?

1–68
Learning Objective 8

Describe the aspects of NFPA

1500 related to firefighter safety
and health.

1–69
Safety-Conscious Fire Service
Culture

1–70
NFPA 1500 Minimum Requirements
For A Department Health And
Safety Program

1–71
Proactive Approach To Safety
And Health

1–72
NFPA 1500 Requirements For A
Fire Department Training
Program

(Cont.)

1–73
NFPA 1500 Requirements For A
Fire Department Training
Program

1–74
Safety During Training
Evolutions

1–75
NFPA 1500 Safety Requirements
For Apparatus And
Driver/Operators

1–76
PPE And SCBA Requirements

1–77
Incident Management System
(IMS)/ Incident Command System
(ICS)

1–78
NFPA 1500 Minimum Requirements
For Fire Department Facilities

1–79
NFPA 1500 Medical And Physical
Requirements

(Cont.)

1–80
NFPA 1500 Medical And Physical
Requirements

1–81
REVIEW QUESTION

What are some requirements

of
NFPA 1500 that relate to
firefighter
safety and health?

1–82
Learning Objective 9

Describe fire department

programs intended to reduce
firefighter illnesses, injuries, and
fatalities.

1–83
Wellness Programs

1–84
Guidelines For Maintaining
Personal Health

(Cont.)
1–85
Guidelines For Maintaining
Personal Health

(Cont.)
1–86
Guidelines For Maintaining
Personal Health

1–87
Health-Related Problems

1–88
Injury Prevention

• Effective training
• Maintain company
discipline and
accountability
• Follow safety-related
SOPs
• Use PPE
• High levels of physical
fitness
• Follow risk management
guidelines
• Use rehab facilities at
incidents
1–89
Illnesses Can Cause Lost Duty
Time

1–90
Cardiovascular Diseases

Prevention
• Adhere to policies and • Healthy diet
procedures • Stop tobacco use
• Wear required PPE • Exercise
• Reduce exposure to
hazards 1–91
Respiratory Diseases

1–92
Carcinogens At Fire Scenes

1–93
Cancer Risk

1–94
Actions To Prevent Or Limit
Chemical Exposures

 Always wear SCBA working in or

around damaged structures

 Remain upwind of fires and smoke

 Doff contaminated gear before

entering rehab area (Cont.)

1–95
Actions To Prevent Or Limit
Chemical Exposures

 Do not wear or store contaminated

turnouts inside the apparatus cab,
personal vehicle or station or home
living areas
 Decontaminate equipment that
contacts skin after each response
 Wash hands and neck skin after fire
and shower as soon as possible

1–96
Wellness Programs Combat
Obesity

1–97
Acute And Chronic Health
Consequences From Exposure To
Various Substances

1–98
Infection And Exposure Control
Programs

1–99
Precautions Against Exposures
When Treating Medical Patients

1–100
REVIEW QUESTIONS

How do fire department

programs help combat
illnesses, injuries, and
fatalities?

What are the most common

line of duty illnesses and
injuries that affect firefighters?
1–101
REVIEW QUESTION

How do physical fitness and

healthy lifestyle practices
affect firefighter performance
and safety?

1–102
DISCUSSION QUESTION

What steps can you personally

take to help reduce your
chances of line of duty
illness, injury, or fatality?

1–103
Member Assistance Programs

1–104
Drugs And Alcohol

1–105
CAUTION

Consuming drugs and alcohol can

slow reaction times and impair
judgement. These substances and
fire fighting do NOT mix.

1–106
Tobacco Use

1–107
Mitigating Occupational Stress

1–108
Warning Signs And Symptoms Of
Stress

1–109
Atypical Stress

1–110
REVIEW QUESTION

How do fire department

member assistance programs
benefit firefighters?

1–111
DISCUSSION QUESTION

What methods do you use to

deal
with stress?

1–112
Learning Objectives 10-11

Summarize general guidelines

for operating safely at structural
fire scenes.

Summarize safe practices for

riding in fire service vehicles and
apparatus.

1–113
Situational Awareness

1–114
Conditions You Should Observe
At Every Incident

 Location of fire and your proximity to

it
 Changes in fire behavior, spread, or
growth
 Changes to building’s structural
integrity
 Wind direction and strength
 Hazards that may not have been seen
during size-up
1–115
Response Safety

1–116
Hazards For Apparatus
Passengers

1–117
CAUTION

Never stand on or in a moving

apparatus.

1–118
Safe Practices For Riding In
Apparatus

1–119
REVIEW QUESTION

What safety guidelines should

be followed when riding in fire
department apparatus?

1–120
Operational Guidelines To
Minimize Risk At Structural Fire
Scenes

1–121
Situational Awareness

1–122
NOTE

Many of the topics discussed in this

section are also vital elements to
incident types other than structural
emergency scenes, such as a
vehicle crash or a wildland fire.

1–123
Scene Control Zones

(Cont.)

1–124
Scene Control Zones

(Cont.)
1–125
Scene Control Zones

1–126
Effects Of Environmental
Conditions

1–127
REVIEW QUESTION

What should firefighters do to

ensure safety at a structural
fire scene?

1–128
DISCUSSION QUESTION

Situational awareness must be

practiced so that it
becomes automatic.
Without looking around,
how would you describe
your immediate
environment?

1–129
Learning Objective 12

Explain the use of emergency

scene lighting and equipment.

1–130
Emergency Scene Lighting
Equipment

1–131
Generators

1–132
Apparatus Electrical System

1–133
Auxiliary Electrical Equipment

(Cont.)

1–134
Auxiliary Electrical Equipment

(Cont.)
1–135
Auxiliary Electrical Equipment

(Cont.)
1–136
Auxiliary Electrical Equipment

1–137
Safety Guidelines For
Emergency Scene Lighting
 Use two personnel to carry generators
 Position generators downwind
 Wear hearing protection when operating
generators
 Be aware that generator noise can make
communications difficult
 Adjust light so it is directed toward the scene
but not into eyes of approaching drivers
 Remove damaged cords from service
 Do not immerse cords or connections in water
 Never connect more lights than the power
source can support

1–138
Scene Lighting Operation And
Safety

1–139
REVIEW QUESTION

What safety guidelines should

be followed when deploying
and using emergency scene
lighting?

1–140
Learning Objective 13

Explain the importance of

personnel accountability systems.

1–141
Personnel Accountability
Systems

1–142
Types Of Personnel
Accountability Systems

1–143
REVIEW QUESTION

What types of personnel

accountability systems may be
in use at an incident?

1–144
Learning Objective 14

Summarize general guidelines

for operating safely at
highway/roadway incidents.

1–145
Highway/Roadway Incident
Safety

1–146
Apparatus Lights And Scene
Lighting

1–147
Guidelines For Maintaining
Situational Awareness At A
Roadway Incident

1–148
Highway/Roadway Incident
Hazards

1–149
WARNING

Do not approach downed power

lines until the electric company has
shut off power.

1–150
Traffic Incident Management

1–151
Traffic Control Measures And
Devices

1–152
REVIEW QUESTION

What safety guidelines should

be followed at
highway/roadway incidents?

1–153
DISCUSSION QUESTION

What areas in your jurisdiction

are prone to highway/roadway
incidents? Why?

1–154
QUESTIONS

Are there any questions about this

content?

1–155