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CLT-Communicative Language Teaching

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Samuel Sacapano
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12 views

CLT-Communicative Language Teaching

Uploaded by

Samuel Sacapano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTENTS

⯈Introduction
- Background
⯈General Principles
⯈Activities
⯈Materials
⯈Criticism
-Advantages and
Disadvantages
⯈References
BACKGROUN
D
⯈The Communicative Approach
emerged in the early 1970s as a
result of the work of the Council of
Europe experts.

⯈A group of experts saw the need to


focus in communicative proficiency
rather than mastery of structures.
⯈D.A. Wilkins (1972) proposed a functional
or communicative definition of language
that served as a basis for developing
communicative syllabuses for language
teaching.

⯈Wilkins's contribution was an analysis


of the communicative meanings that
a language learner needs to
understand and express, rather than
describe the core of language through
traditional concepts of grammar and
vocabulary.
⯈Chomsky held that  Communicati
linguistic theory is ve
competen
concerned primarily ce
with an ideal
speaker-listener in a  “There are rules
completely of
use without which
homogeneous the rules of
speech community, grammar would
who knows its be useless.”
language perfectly
and is unaffected by
such grammatically
irrelevant
conditions.
CHOMSKY HYMES
PRINCIPLES
⯈Goals of teachers who use
Communicative Language Teaching
(CLT):
«The goal is to enable students to
communicate in the target language. To
do this students need knowledge of the
linguistic forms, meanings, and functions.
They need to know that many different
forms can be used to perform a function
and also that a single form call often serve
a variety of functions.»
⯈Role of the participants:
«The teacher facilitates the
communication in the classroom, and he also
acts like an adviser and a guide.

Students are communicators. They are


actively engage in trying to make themselves
understood and in understanding others.»
⯈Characteristics of the
teaching/learning process:
«The primary function of language
is for interaction and communication.
Dialogues, if used, center around
communicative functions and are not
normally memorized. Drilling may
occur, but not so important.
Comprehensible pronunciation is
sought. Translation may be used where
students need or benefit from it.»
⯈ Interaction:
«The teacher may present some part of the
lesson, such as when working with linguistic
accuracy. At other times, he is the facilitator of
the activities, but he does not always himself
interact with the students. Students interact a
great deal with one another. They do this in
various configurations: pairs, triads, small groups,
and whole group.»
⯈ Students’ feelings:
«Students are given an opportunity to
express their individuality by having them share
their ideas and opinions on a regular basis.»

⯈ Viewing the language:


«Language is for communication. Linguistic
competence, the knowledge of forms and their
meanings, is just one part of communicative
competence. So, learners need knowledge of
forms and meanings and functions.»
⯈Emphasized language skills:
«Students work on all four skills from the
beginning. Just as oral communication is
seen to take place through negotiation
between speaker and listener, so too is
meaning thought to be derived from the
written word through an interaction between
the reader and the writer.»
⯈Students’ native language:
«Students’ native language is permitted
in CLT. However, whenever possible, the
target language should be used not only
during communicative activities, but also for
explaining the activities to the students or in
assigning homework.»
⯈Teacher’s response to errors:
«Errors of form are tolerated during
fluency- based activities and are seen as a
natural outcome of the development of
communication skills.»
⯈ Evaluation:
«A teacher evaluates not only the
students’ accuracy, but also their
fluency. He can informally evaluate
his students’ performance in his role
as an adviser or co- communicator.
ACTIVITIES
⯈ Scrambled sentences
- The students are given a passage(a text ) in
which the sentences are in a scrambled
order
⯈ Language Games
- Games are used frequently in CLT. The students find
them enjoyable, and if they are properly designed,
they give students valuable communicative
practice.
⯈ Picture Strip Story
⯈ Role Play
- Role plays are very important in CLT because they
give students an opportunity to practice
communicating in different social contexts and in
different social roles.
⯈Newspaper, radio and television
broadcast, menus, weather forecast,
timetables

⯈Realia

⯈Wh- questions (Why, What, When,


Where, Who)

⯈Simulations
CRITICISM
ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
S S

 This technique increases the  The requirements are difficult.


teacher-student relationship. It Not all classrooms can allow
is an interactive relationship. for group work activities and
for teaching aids and
materials.
 CLT provides the
opportunity for students to  It is contraversial whether it
be aware of their abilities can be used in every level of
and exhibit them. students.

 The students in this way can  The teacher should prepare the
learn the target language in syllabus by taking students’
an enjoyable way. interests and needs into
account. However, the energy
and time of the teacher are
limited.
REFERENCES
⯈ Larsen-Freeman, D. (2000). Techniques and Principles
in Language Teaching. (second ed.). Oxford University
Press.
⯈ http://www.gebzekoleji.k12.tr/sunumlar/%C4%B0
ngilizce%2 0E%C4%9Fitiminde%20%C4%B0leti%C5
%9Fimsel%20Ya kla%C5%9F%C4%B1m.ppt ACCESS
DATE:12.11.2013 – 09:47
⯈ http
://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicative_language_teac
h
ing ACCESS DATE: 12.11.2013 – 09:40
⯈ http://www.slideshare.net/Patrmartin/clt-
14685674?from_search=3 ACCESS DATE:
13.11.2013 –
10.06
REFERENCES
⯈ Larsen-Freeman, D. (2000). Techniques and Principles
in Language Teaching. (second ed.). Oxford
University Press.
⯈
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicative_language
_teaching
access date: 29.11.2013 – 19:40
⯈ http://www.gebzekoleji.k12.tr/sunumlar/%C4%B0ngilizce%
20E%C 4%9Fitiminde%20%C4%B0leti%C5%9Fimsel%20
Yakla%C5%9F
%C4%B1m.ppt access date: 29.11.2013 – 18:57
⯈ http://www.slideshare.net/sherzadjana/richards-
communicativelanguage-20699739 access date:
29.11.2013 –
18:33

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