INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

ENGINEERING

Presented By,

Ann Rose Augustine

 Module 1
• Need for safety. Safety and productivity.
Definitions: Accident, Injury, Unsafe act,
Unsafe Condition, Dangerous Occurrence,
Reportable accidents. Theories of accident
causation. Safety organization- objectives,
types, functions, Role of management,
supervisors, workmen, unions, government
and voluntary agencies in safety. Safety policy.
Safety Officer-responsibilities, authority.
Safety committee-need, types, advantages.
 INTRODUCTION
 Industrial safety engineering is a multidisciplinary field focused
on ensuring the health, safety, and well-being of workers,
equipment, and the environment within industrial settings.
 Its primary goal is to identify, assess, and mitigate potential
hazards and risks that can arise from various industrial
processes, machinery, materials, and operations in order to create
a “zero-risk” environment.
 This helps to prevent accidents, injuries, and damage to property
while promoting a safe and productive work environment.
 NEED FOR SAFETY
• Every year millions of industrial accidents occur which result
in loss of production time equivalent to millions of man hours,
machine hours etc..
• 1/5th production time is lost by those actually injured due to
temporary and permanent disablement and the remaining
production time is lost by fellow operators/ people in helping
the injured, in taking care of the damage caused by accident
etc.

• It is therefore essential to identify/examine the causes of

industrial accidents and take steps to control them.
Contd…

The following steps may be taken to effectively and

efficiently eliminate an unsafe working environment:
• Elimination if possible the causes of accidents.
• If it is not possible to eliminate the cause of
accidents, make arrangements to shield the hazardous
place by guards, enclosures or similar arrangements.
Contd…
• There are some direct costs/ effects of an
accident but there are certain indirect costs
involved in it:-
1) cost of compensation
2) cost of medical aid
3) Cost of training new worker
4) Cost of the lost time
5) Cost of investigation
6) Cost of supervision, inspections.
So safety measures would not only eliminate/ avoid
above cost but would mean performing their moral
responsibility towards workmen/operators also.
Contd…
• To protect health of all employees
• To ensure well being of all workers
• To promote positive culture in all organization
or company
• To ensure accident and incident prevention
• To ensure organization development and its
growth
• To ensure continual improvement of company
 Benefits to the Organization
• Substantial savings in costs
• Safety also ensure optimum utilization of
resources.
• Improvements in productivity.
• Financial losses that accompany accidents can
be avoided.
• Employees less worried about their safety,
which improve their efficiency.
• Penalty for non-compliance of safety measures
can be avoided.
 Benefits to the Employee

• Increased earnings of a company improve the

earnings of a worker.
• This can boost up the morale of the
employees.
• Workers are less worried about their safety.
• Motivated to work better.
• Employees in a safe plant can devote more
time for improving the quality and quantity of
their output.
 SAFETY & PRODUCTIVITY
• Safety and productivity are two critical aspects in
the field of ISE
• Balancing these two elements is essential for
creating a work environment that is both safe for
employees and efficient in terms of production.
• The safety of people, machines, and processes is a
key element of any sustainable business or
organization.
• Numerous studies show that best-in-class
performers achieve higher Overall Equipment
Effectiveness, less unscheduled downtime, and less
than half the injury rate of average performers.
 Contd…
• Learn how you can minimize safety-related
downtime that hinders your ability to be more
productive.
• Workplace productivity is dependent on employee
safety. As such, employers should put safety first
before focusing on productivity.
• Increasing safety in the workplace can significantly
boost productivity.
• An unsafe work environment lowers productivity
• Workplace productivity refers to the amount of work
accomplished by employees over a given period.
 Contd…
• Having a workforce that is engaged and committed
can help maximize productivity.
• Productivity levels can be measured by comparing
input and work output.
• The quantity and quality of work delivered by each
employee can either increase or reduce
productivity in the workplace.
• A productive workplace offers a wide range
of benefits to the company, employer, and
employees:-
• Increased Performance
• Improved Employee Engagement.
• Greater Fulfilment.
• Promotes a Healthy Work Culture.
• Better Revenue Generation.
• One of the best ways that employers can increase
productivity is by creating a safe work environment.
• Research shows that employees who feel their
workplace is safe are more likely to perform better
than those who feel unsafe.
• Safety is improved by removing potential hazards
from the workplace.
• Aside from that, employers should create a
psychologically safe environment for employees.
• A well-managed and efficient workflow, on the
other hand, can improve productivity levels by
eliminating redundancies when tackling tasks. a
safe workplace with minimal job hazards is often
a more productive and profitable one
• Safe environments minimize lost working hours.
• Safety culture at work makes engaged
employees.
• Safety information and education.
• Safe work practices and safe job procedures.
• Safe employees are happier and engaged in their
work.
• Productivity and safety: two sides of the same
coin
 Definitions:ACCIDENT
• An accident is an unintentionally-caused event.

• an unexpected event that results in serious injury or

illness of an employee and may also result in property
damage.
• Accidents which take place in the workplace are
referred to as occupational accidents.
• Workplace accidents include events that damage
property, inhibit a particular workplace function, or
• Occupational accidents are also referred to as work-
related accidents, and the personal harm they cause
may be referred to as an “occupational injury,”
“occupational death,” or other label which specifies
that the cause of the harm was occupational in nature.
• Self-inflicted injuries cannot be regarded as accidents.
• Work-related accidents may impose significant costs
to the economy.
• These costs include direct costs due to property
damage and lost worker hours, as well as indirect
costs, such as due to a decrease in productivity from
an accident-related decline in worker morale.
• Businesses may also be forced to pay compensation
costs, fines, and increased insurance premiums if
they are held to be liable or responsible for the
accident.
• Accidents that do not cause harm to any person
but which have the potential to do so are
referred to as a “near miss“.
• Accidents can be caused by human (behavioral)
factors, such as:
o Unsafe conduct
o Inattention
o Negligence
o Improper training
o Inexperience
o Drowsiness, fatigue, or illness
• As well as by environmental and workplace
design factors, such as:
o Unsafe working conditions
o Unsafe workplace design
o Substandard safety controls
o Inclement weather
 INJURY
• An injury or illness is an abnormal condition or
disorder.
• Injuries include cases such as a cut, fracture, sprain,
or amputation.
• Illnesses include both acute and chronic illnesses,
such as, a skin disease, respiratory disorder, or
poisoning.
• Injury is not limited to the above definitions.
• “Injury” means mental or physical harm to an employee caused
by accident or disease, and also means damage to or destruction
of artificial members, dental appliances, teeth, hearing aids and
eyeglasses, but, in the case of hearing aids or eyeglasses, only if
such damage or destruction resulted from accident which also
caused personal injury entitling the employee to compensation
therefore either for disability or treatment.
• An injury is damage to your body. It is a general term that refers
to harm caused by accidents, falls, hits, weapons, and more.
• An injury is any physiological damage to the human body
caused by immediate physical stress.
• An injury can occur intentionally or unintentionally and
may be caused by blunt trauma, penetrating trauma,
burning, toxic exposure, asphyxiation, or overexertion.
• Injuries can occur in any part of the body, and different
symptoms are associated with different injuries.
• Treatment of an injury is typically carried out by a health
professional and varies greatly depending on the nature of
the injury.
 UNSAFE ACT
• Industrial accidents that occur due to certain acts on the
part of workers.
• Unsafe act is any activity or task that is conducted in a
manner which increases the probabilities of an accident.
• The unsafe act is a violation of an accepted safe
procedure which could permit the occurrence of an
accident
• People make the violation of the standard rules & met
with an accident
• 80% of all injuries on duty are the result of unsafe Acts by
people.
• More difficult to reduce as they revolve around people and
what they do.
• Some examples of unsafe acts are:
• Speed – operating a machine at a speed it is not designed
to run at.
• Working without authority – entering a confined space
before it has been declared safe.
• Failure to use safe attire or personal protective equipment's.
• Careless throwing of material at the work place.
• Failure to warn.
• Improper loading.
• Using defective equipment or using equipments improperly.
• Servicing equipment in operation.
• Failure to follow rules.
• Distracting, teasing, abusing, quarreling, day-dreaming,
horseplay.
 UNSAFE CONDITION
• A condition in the workplace that is likely to cause property
damage or injury.
• The unsafe condition is a hazardous physical condition or
circumstance which could directly permit the occurrence of
an accident OR
• Working conditions/environment which are prone to have
an accident.
• A study attributes 20% of all injuries on duty to unsafe
working conditions.
• They all relate to physical or mechanical defects, which can
be corrected relatively cheaply and permanently.
• Some examples of unsafe conditions are:

• Poor guarding – inadequate or inefficient

• Poor Layout – work flow, overcrowding and congestion

• Loud noise – can’t hear instructions etc

• Substandard housekeeping.

• Inadequate illumination or ventilation – can’t see clearly or

breathe properly
• Inadequate or improper protective equipment
• Inadequate warning systems
• Hazardous environmental conditions; gases,
dusts, smokes, fumes, vapors
• Unsafe electrical equipments.
• Slippery Floors
• High Temperature.
• To prevent unsafe condition type accidents:
• Think about how to do the task safely prior to engaging in
the work. Ensure that you have all appropriate equipment,
tools and material to safely do the job. If you don’t have
the correct equipment, e.g., personal protective equipment,
tell your supervisor before starting the work.

• Inspect all equipment, tools and material before use. Make

certain the item is in good working condition and is
appropriate for the task.
• Make certain that you have enough space to complete
the job. Many injuries are caused because employees
didn’t have sufficient room to do a job.
• Injuries occur everyday because employees choose not
to say anything about known hazards. Employees
identifying unsafe conditions should cease their activity
and report the condition to their immediate supervisor

for corrective action.

 REPORTABLE ACCIDENTS
• In industrial safety engineering, a "reportable accident"
refers to an incident or event that meets certain criteria
requiring it to be reported to relevant authorities,
management, or regulatory bodies.
• It includes the category of accidents which is little
complicated than of minor accidents.
• Here the injuries caused to the worker prevent him from
working for the period of 48 hours or more.
• Here supervisor is responsible to report to the
higher management and arrange another
worker so that production could not be
affected.
 DANGEROUS OCCURENCE
• Dangerous occurrences are certain unintended,
specified events, which may not result in a reportable
injury, but which do have the potential to cause
significant harm.
• These occurs due to:
 Bursting of vessel for containing steam under pressure greater
than atmospheric pressure.
 Explosion of fire causing damage to any room or place where
persons are employed.
 Explosion of container used for storage of any
gas or liquid at a pressure greater than
atmospheric pressure.
• In summary, the key differences between reportable
accidents and dangerous occurrences are:
1) Severity:- Reportable accidents typically involve severe injuries,
fatalities, or significant property damage that warrant reporting to
regulatory authorities. Dangerous occurrences encompass incidents
with the potential for harm or damage, even if they didn't result in
severe outcomes.

2) Reporting Requirements:-Reportable accidents have

specific reporting requirements defined by laws or regulations.
Dangerous occurrences are often recognized as opportunities for
improving safety and may or may not have the same legal reporting
requirements.
3) Focus:- Reportable accidents are primarily concerned with
meeting legal reporting obligations and conducting investigations.
Dangerous occurrences are focused on identifying potential hazards
and implementing preventive measures.

4) Scope:-Dangerous occurrences include incidents that are near

misses indicating the potential for more severe accidents. Reportable
accidents typically involve incidents that have already resulted in
serious consequences.

Both concepts are important for maintaining a safe working

environment.
THANK YOU