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Lesson 3 Sequence

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Lorene Recillo
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3 views

Lesson 3 Sequence

Uploaded by

Lorene Recillo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 3 SEQUENCE

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
1. To define sequence and its types
2. To differentiate fibonacci sequence from other
types of sequence
3. To discover golden ratio ; and
4. To learn how to compute for the nth term in the
fibonacci sequence
• Sequence refers to an ordered list of numbers called Terms,
That may have repeated values. The arrangement of these
terms is set by a definite rule. (Mathematics In The Modern
World, 14th Edition, Aufmann, RN. et al.)

• Consider the given below example:


1, 3, 5, 7, …

(1st term) (2nd term) (3rd term) (4th term)

As shown above, the elements in the sequence are called


terms. It is called sequence because the list is ordered and it
follows a certain kind of pattern that must be recognized in
order to see the expanse. The three dots at the end of the
visible patterns means that the sequence is infinite.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF SEQUENCE

• ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE. It is a sequence of numbers that follows a definite


pattern. To determine if the series of numbers follow an arithmetic sequence,
check the difference between two consecutive terms. If common difference is
observed, then definitely arithmetic sequence governed the pattern. To
clearly illustrate the arrangement, consider the example below:
•
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 …

2 2 2 2 2

• Notice in the given example above, the common difference


between two consecutive terms in the sequence is two. The
common difference is the clue that must be figure out in a
pattern in order to recognize it as an arithmetic sequence.
• GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE. If in the arithmetic sequence we
need to check for the common difference, in geometric
sequence we need to look for the common ratio. The illustrated
in the example below, geometric sequence is not as obvious as
the arithmetic sequence. all possibilities must be explored until
some patterns of uniformity can intelligently be struck.
•
• HARMONIC SEQUENCE. In the sequence, the reciprocal of
the terms behaved in a manner like arithmetic sequence.
Consider the example below and notice an interesting pattern
in the series. With this pattern, the reciprocal appears like
arithmetic sequence. Only in recognizing the appearance that
we can finally decode the sequencing that govern the series.
• FIBONACCI SEQUENCE.
• This specific sequence was named after an Italian mathematician
Leonardo Pisano Bigollo (1170 - 1250). He discovered the sequence
while he was studying rabbits. The fibonacci sequence is a series of
numbers governed by some unusual arithmetic rule. The sequence is
organized in a way a number can be obtained by adding the two
previous numbers.
• "Fibonacci" was his nickname, which roughly means "son of bonacci".
• The fibonacci sequence is the series of numbers:
• 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ...
• The next number is found by adding up the two numbers before it:
• The 2 is found by adding the two numbers before it (1+1),
• The 3 is found by adding the two numbers before it (1+2),
• The 5 is (2+3),
• And so on!
• Example: the next number in the sequence above is
21+34 = 55

• Here is a longer list:


• 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377,
610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181, 6765, 10946, 17711,
28657, 46368, 75025, 121393, 196418, 317811, ...
THE RULE
• First, the terms are numbered from 0 onwards like this:

n= 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 ...

37
xn = 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 ...
7
So term number 6 is called x6 (which equals 8).

Example: the 8th term is


the 7th term plus the 6th term:
• So we can write the rule:
• The rule is xn = xn−1 + xn−2
• Where:
• Xn is term number "n"

• Xn−1 is the previous term (n−1)

• Xn−2 is the term before that (n−2)


• Example: term 9 is calculated like this:
X9 = x9−1 + x9−2

= X8 + x7

= 21 + 13
= 34

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