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Group 6-Data Link Layer

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Group 6-Data Link Layer

Uploaded by

frend
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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DATA LINK

LAYER
 Data link layer (DLL) is the second layer
from the bottom in the OSI(Open System
Interconnection) network architecture
model.
 This is considered the most complex
layer of the OSI model as it hides all the
underlying complexities of the hardware
from the other above layers.
 It is responsible for the node-to-node
delivery of data.
 Its major role is to ensure error-free
transmission of information. DLL is also
responsible for encoding, decode and
organizing the outgoing and incoming
data.
SUB-LAYERS OF THE DATA LINK LAYER
1. Logical Link Control (LLC)
This sublayer of the data link layer deals with
multiplexing, the flow of data among applications and
other services, and LLC is responsible for providing error
messages and acknowledgments as well.

2. Media Access Control (MAC)


MAC sublayer manages the device’s interaction,
responsible for addressing frames, and also controls
physical media access.
FUNCTIONS OF THE DATA-LINK LAYER
 Framing - The packet received from the Network layer
is known as a frame in the Data link layer. At the
sender’s side, DLL receives packets from the Network
layer and divides them into small frames, then, sends
each frame bit-by-bit to the Physical layer.

 Addressing - The data link layer encapsulates the


source and destination’s MAC address/ physical
address in the header of each frame to ensure node-to-
node delivery.

 Error Control - it is the responsibility of the data link


layer, to detect the error in the transmitted data and
correct it using error detection
and correction techniques respectively. DLL adds error
detection bits into the frame’s header, so that receiver
can check received data is correct or not.
 Flow Control - If the receiver’s receiving speed is lower
than the sender’s sending speed, then this can lead to
an overflow in the receiver’s buffer and some frames
may get lost. So, it’s the responsibility of DLL to
synchronize the sender’s and receiver’s speeds and
establish flow control between them.

 Access Control - When multiple devices share the


same communication channel there is a high probability
of collision, so it’s the responsibility of DLL to check
which device has control over the channel and CSMA/CD
(Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detection)
and CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision
Avoidance) can be used to avoid collisions and loss of
frames in the channel.
Synchronous Data Link Protocol (SDLC)

 Basically a communication protocol of computer. It


usually supports multipoint links even error recovery or
error correction also.

 It is also used to connect all of the remote devices to


mainframe computers at central locations may be in
point-to-point (one-to-one) or point-to-multipoint (one-
to-many) connections.

 It is also used to make sure that the data units should


arrive correctly and with right flow from one network
point to next network point.
High-Level Data Link Protocol (HDLC)

 Basically a protocol that is now assumed to be an


umbrella under which many Wide Area protocols sit.

 This protocol is generally based on SDLC.

 It is a bit-oriented protocol that is applicable for point-to-


point and multipoint communications both.
Serial Line Interface Protocol (SLIP)

 Generally an older protocol that is just used to add a


framing byte at end of IP packet.

 It is basically a data link control facility that is required


for transferring IP packets usually among Internet
Service Providers (ISP) and a home user over a dial-up
link.

 It has some limitations like it does not provide


mechanisms such as error correction or error detection.
Point to Point Protocol (PPP)

 A protocol that is basically used to provide same


functionality as SLIP.

 It is most robust protocol that is used to transport other


types of packets also along with IP Packets.

 It can also be required for dial-up and leased router-


router lines.

 It is a character-oriented protocol that is also used for


error detection.
Link Control Protocol (LCP)

 It is also used to provide HDLC style services on LAN


(Local Area Network).

 LCP is basically a PPP protocol that is used for


establishing, configuring, testing, maintenance, and
ending or terminating links for transmission of data
frames.
Link Access Procedure (LAP)

 Are basically a data link layer protocols that are required


for framing and transferring data across point-to-point
links.

3 types of LAP

 LAPB (Link Access Procedure Balanced)


 LAPD (Link Access Procedure D-Channel)
 LAPF (Link Access Procedure Frame-Mode Bearer
Services).
Network Control Protocol (NCP)

 It basically allows users to have access to use computers


and some of the devices at remote locations and also to
transfer files among two or more computers.
DEVICES USED IN DATA LINK LAYER
1. Bridges - is a type of computer network device that
provides interconnection with other networks that use
the same protocol, connecting two different networks
together and providing communication between them.

2. Switch - is a multiport network bridge that uses MAC


addresses to forward data at the data link layer of the
OSI model.

3. Network Interface Card - is an electronic device that


is mounted on ROM of the com that connects a
computer to a computer network, usually a LAN.
DATA LINK LAYER

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNefQ1J4eFk&pp=ygUPZGF0YSBsaW5rIGxheWVy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBAuzvVzOQU&list=PLBlnK6fEyqRhstjOChz8zuHiFoKGPMr9v
Ganotice, Ana
Marie

Gunnay, Jairo GROUP 6


Legaspi,
Frendick

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