EFFECTIVE

COMMUNICATION
 What is Communication?

 COMMUNICATION IS THE ART OF TRANSMITTING

INFORMATION, IDEAS AND ATTITUDES FROM ONE PERSON TO
ANOTHER.
 COMMUNICATION IS THE PROCESS OF MEANINGFUL
INTERACTION AMONG HUMAN BEINGS.
 IT’S A DYNAMIC PROCESS THROUGH WHICH WE
CONVEY THE THOUGHTS OR FEELINGS TO SOMEONE ELSE.
Key points

• Be confident and Enthusiastic

• Need to understand people
• Keep a genuine and bright smile on face
• Make an eye contact
• Be with appropriate body language
 Improving Body Language -
Tips

• Keep appropriate distance

• Take care of your appearance
• Maintain eye contact
• Smile genuinely
Listening – Listening is the
active process of receiving,
interpreting, and responding
to spoken or non-verbal
messages.

You must choose to participate in the process of listening.

 VALUE OF LISTENING
 Listening to others is an elegant art.
 Good listening reflects courtesy and good manners.
 Listening carefully to the instructions of superiors improve competence and
performance.
 The result of poor listening skill could be disastrous in business,
employment and social relations.
Good listening can eliminate a number of imaginary grievances of
employees.
Good listening skill can improve social relations and conversation.
Listening is a positive activity rather than a negative activity.
 ESSENTIALS OF COMMUNICATION
Dos
Always think ahead about what you are going to say.
Use simple words and phrases that are understood by every body.
Increase your knowledge on all subjects you are required to speak.
Speak clearly and audibly.
Check twice with the listener whether you have been understood accurately or not
In case of an interruption, always do a little recap of what has been already said.
Always pay undivided attention to the speaker while listening.
While listening, always make notes of important points.
Always ask for clarification if you have failed to grasp other’s point of view.
Repeat what the speaker has said to check whether you have understood accurately.
 ESSENTIALS OF COMMUNICATION
DON’Ts
Do not instantly react and mutter something in anger.
Do not speak too fast or too slow.
Do not speak in inaudible surroundings, as you won’t be heard.
Do not assume that every body understands you.
While listening do not glance here and there as it might distract the
speaker.
Do not interrupt the speaker.
Do not jump to the conclusion that you have understood every thing.
 How to Improve Existing Level of
COMMUNICATION?
IMPROVE LANGUAGE.
IMPROVE PRONUNCIATION.
WORK ON VOICE MODULATION.
WORK ON BODY LANGUAGE.
READ MORE
LISTEN MORE
AVOID READING OR WATCHING OR LISTENING UNWANTED LITERATURE, GOSSIP, MEDIA
PRESENTATION ETC.
INTERACT WITH QUALITATIVE PEOPLE.
IMPROVE ON YOUR TOPIC OF DISCUSSION,
PRACTICE MEDITATION & GOOD THOUGHTS.
THINK AND SPEAK.
DO NOT SPEAK TOO FAST.
USE SIMPLE VOCABULARY.
DO NOT SPEAK ONLY TO IMPRESS SOMEONE.
LOOK PRESENTABLE AND CONFIDENT.
Importance of effective
communication
•Reduces unnecessary competition and helps employees to work
together harmoniously.
•It helps in team work which in turn increases productivity, integrity
and responsibility.
•It produces a healthy work environment and positive attitude
•Builds strong relationships.
•It builds trust and loyalty, brings people together
•It helps to understand people and to remove misunderstanding and
creates clarity of thoughts and expression.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
Verbal and NON-verbal communication

Verbal (message is transmitted verbally)

-Oral communication
-Written communication
Oral communication

•In oral communication spoken words are used.

•It includes face to face conversation, speech, telephonic conversation,

Video, radio, television.

Written communication
 Any written messages that 2 or more people exchange.
 Written signs or symbols are used.
 Message can be transmitted via email, letter, report, memo etc.
 Mostly used in business.
Non-verbal communication

• Process of sending or receiving the wordless messages.

•This type of communication is all about body language of the
speaker.
•Such as gesture, posture, facial expressions, eye contact, blushing.
Process of communication

Message
Elements of communication

Sender- who generate message and sends to the receiver. (Source of the message)
Message- It is the information that the sender wants to sends, in the form of data,
or statement, words, symbols, gestures etc.
Encoding- the process of converting ideas or thoughts into the message
Channel- the medium through which the message is transmitted.
Decoding- process of interpreting and understanding the message.
Receiver- who is the last chain of the process and receives the message.
Feedback- Once sending the message, receiver decodes the message and the
sender waits for a response. The examination or evaluation of the receiver’s
response is called feedback.
Noise- offers to any obstruction during the communication process or transmitting
information.
Feedback helps in

Collection of information
Measure the effectiveness of communication
Improves labor-management relationships
Measures effectiveness of media
Helps in taking proper decision and in solving problem
Helps in proper coordination
COMMUNICATION PROCESS

People or groups can share information, ideas, or feelings with each

other through a set of steps called the communication process, wherein
a sender creates a message, encodes it into a form that can be
understood (like spoken words or written text), and sends it through a
chosen medium (like spoken words, written text, or digital channels). A
listener then decodes the message to figure out what it means. Feedback
from the person who received the message makes sure that it was
understood correctly. Outside factors, such as noise or confusion, can
change the process and change the message.
Barriers of effective communication

• Barrier: An obstacle in a place that prevents us

from completing certain tasks.

•Communication barrier: conditions that interfere

with the effective exchange of ideas and thoughts or
during communication process.
Barriers of effective communication

Types of barriers
• Physiological
• Physical
• Language
• Gender
• Cultural
• Interpersonal
• Psychological
• Emotional
Barriers of effective communication
Physiological barrier
- Related with the limitations of the human body and the human mind
(memory, attention).
-This may results from personnel discomfort, caused by ill-health, poor
eye sight or hearing difficulties.
-Examples: Anger, anxiety, frustrations

Causes: hearing impairment, vision impairment, speech disorders,

alertness
How to overcome?
Be patient and have control over mind
Learn to understand body language
Learn to listen carefully
Improve your memory
Barriers of effective communication
Cultural barrier
-Different cultures provide different ways of thinking, seeing things, listening
and interpreting the world
-Similar words means different things to people from different cultures even if
they talk the same language.
Causes
Diversified cultural background and sign& symbols
Different languages and accent
Different religion, eye contact
How to overcome?
Cross culture environment
Conduct effective communication programme among different communities
Work in groups and conduct frequent meetups or meetings
Barriers of effective communication
Physical barriers
- Environmental and natural condition which leads to the disturbances
in the immediate situations.
Examples: Noise, Distance, poor technology, poor architecture, cell
phones, distraction in environment, media, space
How to overcome?
Should be updated with the latest technology
Overcome the obstacles
Stay motivated
 Barriers of effective communication
Language barrier
-Inability to converse in a language that is understood by both sender and a
receiver.
-When person uses inappropriate or complex words while conversing or writing, it
could lead to misunderstanding between the two people.
Causes: regional accents, use of jargons, difference in language, grammar and
spelling, unclear speech
-How to overcome?
-Improve and try to learn languages
-Improve vocabulary
-Speak slowly and clearly
-Ask for clarification
-Frequently check for understanding
-Be specific and be patient
Barriers of effective communication
Psychological barrier
Barrier due to human psychological problems
Examples: Emotions, status difference, closed mind, egotism
Causes: lack of attention, poor retention, emotions, premature evaluation,
closed mind and filtering, distrust and defensiveness

-How to overcome?
Calling for motivation
Paying attention
Giving assistance and sympathy
Increase Understanding
Stay educated and be literate
Barriers of effective communication
Emotional barrier
Your emotional state can affect your ability to you understand others
and how well you can understand yourself.
-includes emotions like fear, worry, anxiety, anger, excitement etc. which
effects speaker ability to deliver clear message.
Examples: fear, insecurity, mistrust and stress, anxiety
How to overcome?
Motivation
Commitment to change
Mentor support
Overcome fear and be confident
Barriers of effective communication
Interpersonal barrier
Inappropriate transactions of words between two or more people
Cause?
-Limited vocabulary and Poor listening skills
-Cultural variations, unwillingness
-Lack of desire of participation
-Noise in the channel
How to overcome?
Use feedback
Simplify language
Listen actively
Constrains or limit your emotions
Barriers of effective communication
Gender barrier
Relationships, respect, workplace authority and education are common ways
men and women pitted against each other.
Men and women have different way of thinking and communication which
may leads to barriers.
Causes: Fear and shy, Environment, Misunderstanding, Attitude and ego
How to overcome?
Keep patience
Focus on understanding
Focus on problem solving rather than creating new
Work hand in hand
Perspectives in communication
Perspectives in communication

Perception is the process of organizing, identifying, and interpreting sensory

information to understand the world.
Individual perception: We all see the world with our own thinking and
interpret accordingly.
Our individual thinking act as a filter through which we communicate with
others.
Perspectives can be visual, due to different languages, due to feelings or it
depends upon the environment in which we work.
Perspectives in communication
Visual perception
It is the ability to see and to interpret the visual information.
It involves the ability to organize and interpret the information
that is seen.
Inaccurate visual perception leads to
-Difficulty in learning to read
-Difficulty in following directions
-Difficulty to copy from white board
-Spelling errors
-Difficulty to write
Perspectives in communication

Visual perception includes:

1.Visual discrimination- ability to notice differences in shape,
size, color etc.
2.Form discrimination- ability to notice differences in objects
when they are in orientation or differences in positional aspects of
objects.
3.Foreground-background discrimination- focus on selected
target and ignore out non-relevant images
4.Visual memory- ability to remember letters and words and
recognize them quickly when seen again
Perspectives in communication
Language
Language not only help in communication but it shape our
perception.
Various emotion or feeling and experience can be influenced by
the pattern of the language a person speaks.
 The same words can have different meaning or different words
having same meaning depending how we interpret them.
For example: please close the door & I'm very close to my
father- same words with different meaning.
Learning communication skill is easy & learning
communication skill is not difficult- different words with same
meanings.
Other factors affecting our
Perspectives in communication

PAST EXPERIENCE
PREJUDICE
FEELINGS
ENVIRONMENT
Other factors affecting our Perspectives in
communication
Past experiences: Our past experience greatly affects our way of
thinking.
It acts as a filter through which we see a particular situation.
Examples: your boss ignored your idea in the last meeting and thus
you do not bring up another idea that could have made an impact.
Our past experience can be positive or negative and affects our
perception.
Past experience greatly affects the decision making.
Other factors affecting our Perspectives in
communication
Prejudices : It is usually unfavorable feelings toward people or a
person because of their gender, values, age, religion, occupation,
language or any personal characteristics.
Generally occurs at the workplace.
Examples: when we take one experience with one type of individual
and assume all of them will have the same experience.

It greatly limit the chances of communication being successful or

producing the desired result.
We should treat each person as a separate individual and must
respect his ideas.
Other factors affecting our Perspectives in
communication
Feelings: is known as a state of consciousness that result from
emotions, sentiment or desires.
A person’s current mood affects the way he judges other.
When we feel happy we communicate better but if we feel ill, we
will not communicate effectively.
Environment: All of us communicate differently in different
environment, environment has a great influence on communication.
Example: We speaks to our colleagues and friends in a different way.
-We should have communication skill to recognize the environment
which has negative impact on our ability to communicate effectively.
-It will make the person more comfortable and to attain level of
formality which is important in a particular situation.
Other factors affecting our Perspectives in
communication
Feelings: is known as a state of consciousness that result from
emotions, sentiment or desires.
A person’s current mood affects the way he judges other.
When we feel happy we communicate better but if we feel ill, we
will not communicate effectively.
Environment: All of us communicate differently in different
environment, environment has a great influence on communication.
Example: We speaks to our colleagues and friends in a different way.
-We should have communication skill to recognize the environment
which has negative impact on our ability to communicate effectively.
-It will make the person more comfortable and to attain level of
formality which is important in a particular situation.
Types of elements in communication
Tone of voice
Factor affecting verbal communication
1. Interpersonal communication
Verbal communication 2. Public speaking

1. Physical communication
Non-verbal communication 2. Face to face communication

Primary effective tool for Factor affecting face to face communication

effective communication
Body language
Types of elements in communication

Verbal communication
Verbal communication is the use of languages and sounds to
transfer information through speaking or sign language.
It is one of the most common types, often used during
presentations, video conferences and phone calls, meetings and
one-on-one conversations.
Verbal communication depends upon non-verbal communication,
listening skills and clarification.
Clarity of speech, how to remain calm and focused being polite
will make the verbal communication effective.
Types of Verbal communication
1. Interpersonal communication- refers to a, two way exchange i.e. it
involves between two or more people
2. Public speaking
 It involves one or more people delivering a message to a group.
 Signs or symbols are the major elements of verbal communication
 It can be used to inform, inquire, argue and discuss about any topic.
 It is required for teaching and learning and for forming bonds and
for building relationships with other people.
Problems to be faced while verbal communication

Problems Solutions

 Misunderstanding, Be a good listener

Speak with respect to
 difference in perspectives
recipient point of view
 Faulty communication techniques Improve communication
 Language barrier and listening skills
 Non-verbal communication
•It includes our body language
•It does not use words
•Uses body movements to strengthen or lessen the impact of our message.
•Body language plays important role in the framing of a message.

1.Face to Face communication

It is direct, in-person interaction between two or more people, allowing for
immediate feedback through verbal and non-verbal cues.
It is similar to oral communication and it helps in better exchange of ideas.
All oral communication are not face to face (E.g. Telephonic conversations)
but all face to face communications can be oral.
Facial expression and body language if used effectively can leads to

better communication.
 Face to Face communication

Advantages Disadvantages


Difficult to follow in big
Helps to communicate better
organizations
 Best for general discussion
Ineffective in large gathering
 Suitable for secure discussions Ineffective if the listener is non-
attentive
2. Physical communication
Physical communication is also termed as non verbal communication.
It is a type of communication where symbols, sign and gestures are used.
 It compliments verbal communication and gives good result when
combined with it.
We can improve our physical communication by:-

controlling anxiety- deep breath and meditation

stress management - taking a break between work
Maintaining proper eye contact and body language- It reflects your
confidence
Practicing your own signs- practicing non-verbal signs and by reading
other peoples gestures will help to improve the physical communication.
Factor affecting non-verbal communication
Body language- refers to the nonverbal signals that you use to
communicate your feelings and intentions.
It includes your posture, your facial expressions, and your hand gestures
Body language includes all the things we are doing with our body except
speaking.
Body languages includes facial expressions, way we are standing/sitting,
gestures of the arms and hands, eye contact, touch and blushing.
For effective non verbal communication you should make right and good
eye contact, smile genuinely and keep the proper gestures of arms and
hands.
It helps to enhance teaching, creating an environment that is able to help
effective learning.
Useful in the area of law enforcement, where law members use body
language to catch unspoken clues by suspects.
Factor affecting verbal communication
Tone of voice- It is responsible for about 40-50% of message we
are sending.
Tone involves volume of voice, the level and type of emotions that
we communicate.
The meaning of sentence changes each time, even if the words are
same, because, the stress we place on the word draws the listener`s
attention.
Tone of voice has great impact on listener.
It depends upon the tone that listener takes it as positively or
negatively.
So, our tone should be polite, meaningful and friendly to the listener.
Communication styles

1. Assertive

2. Aggressive

3. Passive – aggressive

4. Submissive

5. manipulative
•Assertive style- It’s the most effective way of communication and full of self
confidence. Expressing your opinion clearly and firmly so that people listen to you
or do what you want. It includes behavioral characteristics, non-verbal behaviors,
languages which are full of confidence and positivity.
•Aggressive style- is ineffective communication style as the content of the message
may get lost as people are too busy reacting to the way it was delivered. This style is
full of negative thoughts and useless.
•Passive- aggressive style-In this communicators appear passive or calm on the
surface but are acting out their feelings and anger behind. Communicators in this are
powerless and express their feelings by undetermining the real situations.
•Submissive style- This is about pleasing people and avoiding conflict. In this
communicators gives priorities to other people’s needs and thinks that other people
have more rights and more to contribute. These people are more frustrated, guilty
and even do not know what they want.
•Manipulative style- This is full of manipulations and calculations. These
communicators are skilled at controlling others to their own advantage. Their spoken
words hide an underlying message which the other person is totally not aware of.
Different style matrix
There are different models that describe the ways in which we
communicate.
Different models are also known as matrix of communication style.
Using this matrix we can identify the another persons communication
style.
The most used model in this is based on the work of Dr. Eileen Russo.
The matrix proposed by him shows that there are two dimensions in the
communication style.
One is level of expressiveness and the level of assertiveness.
High assertive communication style tend to tell others what to do and low
assertive style tend to ask others what should be done
Direct Spirited
style style
Tell

Ask

Systematic Consider
style ate style
1. Direct style: Low expressiveness + High assertiveness

2. Spirited style: High expressiveness + High assertiveness

3. Considerate style: High expressiveness + Low assertiveness

4. Systemic style: Low expressiveness + Low assertiveness

Direct communication style- (Highly assertive and low expressive)
•They tend to tell others what to do instead of asking others what they think should be
done.
•they will not easily show emotions in their communications with others.
• Their communication style is meant to be expedient, though others may not always see it
that way.
•They may appear terse and cold to others, who might take their style of communicating
personally.
•People with direct communication styles are the go-getters in the group.
•They will work hard and fast and will not tolerate any distractions.
•Tips for Communicating if You Have a Direct Communication Style
1. Make an effort to listen fully to others and avoid interrupting
2. Allow time for questions and feedback
3. Don’t use social media for sensitive or complicated topics
4. Try to communicate your expectations
5. Recognize that others may feel the need to express their emotions about topics
6.Take the time to show your appreciation for others contributions
Spirited communications (highly expressive and highly assertive)
•People with the spirited communication style are very interested in the big picture.
•Theyare the dreamers, the inventors, and the innovators in the group and their
communication may be full of grand ideas that tend to be very persuasive to others at first.
•People with the spirited communication style love to flesh out ideas, brainstorm, and talk
about the big picture as long as they get to do a lot of the talking.
•However, they are not always very good at discussing the details or the exact steps in the
process.
•Keeping to an agenda is sometimes a challenge for those with the spirited communication
styles.
•Both time management and remaining focused are challenges for this group and their written
or verbal communication may tend towards the dramatic.
Tips for Communicating if You Have a Spirited Communication Style
•Respect agreed-upon agendas and time limits when in meetings
•limit your sharing of personal anecdotes that take the group off-topic
•Make sure you are allowing others to contribute their ideas and suggestions
•Always appreciate others work and input.
Consider whether you have implementation ideas while sharing new ideas.
considerate communication style (Highly expressive and low assertive)
Those with the considerate communication style are very concerned about the feelings of
others and are good listeners.
They like to work with others, help others, and connect to the reason personal level.
If there is conflict in your group, they will be the ones to attempt to mediate it
They want everyone to have the chance to speak their minds, have their turns, and receiver
recognition for their contribution.
They are natural trainers and counselors, and enjoy helping others succeed.
They will encourage group collaboration and communication, though they are not always
inclined to speak their own minds.
Strengths of considerate communication Tips to communicate with these style of people
Good listeners
Be cooperative
Build strong relationships and trust Listen to them carefully
Appreciate others Build a trust based relationship
Strong team players Tell them about changes ASAP so they can
Resolve adapt to them
any conflicts quickly
Systemic communication style ( Low expressive and low assertive)
Focus on facts and details not an opinions and possibilities
They are slow in actions as they start analyzing the situations and construct a logical, well
thought response.
For systemic communication charts, graphs and trends are very useful tools.
These people are comfortable in their communication and do not like conflict.
They always stop their communication rather than dealing with emotional situations.
They always need information which is relevant to the current topic or discussions and
always focus on facts and not over opinions and ideas.
Tips to be followed by systemic communicators
Should avoid linear thought process and decision making
Consider others feelings also for good working relationships.
Always ask for quality and relevant questions that will help to get the needed information.
Take more time for analysis of particular situation
Speak with precision and accuracy
Be organized on time and topic while communicating
Give logical reasons for actions and what you are asking
Listening Skills

•Listening skills refer to the ability to actively understand, interpret, and

respond to spoken messages. It involves not just hearing words but also
paying attention, processing information, and providing feedback.

Attributes to become a good and active listener in difficult situation

• Focus on the speaker’s point of view and understand his/her thought process
• Intent to listen in unfavorable moments
• Practice listening and build vocabulary
• Attention to key points and develop a general idea
• Ask questions for clarifications of any point
Difficult situations

• Brainstorming
• Meetings / Presentations
• Interview
• Explanation of complicated topics
• Conversation with diverse people
Listening During Brainstorming
• Divide into smaller groups
• Choose a representative
• Take the small group in a quiet room
• Avoid speaking together
• Check your understanding by asking

Listening During Meetings/ Presentations

• Pre-empt questions
• Ask for an agenda or copy of the PowerPoint
• Request for better audibility
Listening During Interview
• Establish the topic of conversation beforehand
• Familiarize self with frequent words in usage such as
•strengths and weaknesses, hire, passion, creative and career

• Be patient and do not show fear or anxiety

• Comprehend various conversational styles

Listening During Explanation of Complicated Topic

• Comprehend the body language and tone of the speaker
• Ask questions to understand the relevant points better
• Note down important points
Listening During Conversation
• Be an active listener and understand the words
• Move your conversation away from noisy machinery
• Seek clarification / paraphrase to avoid misunderstanding
• Listen to the complete message or paraphrase
• Avoid being distracted by environmental factors (side conversations)
Note taking is a technique of writing down snippets of information in a
systematic way for better remembering.
While taking notes, one should be :
• Well versed with language and vocabulary
• Focus on relevant information and main ideas
• Note down the key points
• Devise appropriate shortcut methods
• Be focused and avoid background noise
 Why listening is important?
•EffectiveCommunication: Enhances understanding and reduces
misunderstandings.

•Builds Relationships: Promotes trust and empathy in personal and

professional interactions.

•Problem-Solving: Helps in gathering the necessary information for making

informed decisions.

•Learning: Facilitates better comprehension and retention of information

 Effective Written Communication
• Definition:The Written Communication refers to the process of conveying a message through
the written symbols or any message exchanged between two or more persons that make use of
written words is called as written communication.
• The
written communication is the most common and effective mode of business
communication.
• In
any organization, the electronic mails, memos, reports, documents, letters, journals, job
descriptions, employee manuals, etc. are some of the commonly used forms of written
communication.
• Suchcommunication is used when the information to be transmitted is lengthy and includes
some complex terms that cannot be explained verbally.
• Also,the organizations maintain their documents in writings such that these can be used as a
reference and evidence of any transaction anytime in the future.
• Thus,it is essential for every business organization to develop effective writing skills and
inculcate this in all its employees.
• Thepurpose of written communication is to capture your reader‘s attention and get your point
across clearly.
• Ultimately,when you communicate in writing, you are helping the reader understand your
perspective on a topic.
Characteristics of effective written communication
Connection: Good written communication forms a connection between the reader
and the writer.
Clarity: Effective written communication is clear and easy to understand.
Cause: The cause or reason for writing needs to be clear to both the writer and the
reader, including any specific actions you need from your audience.
Conciseness: Good written communication sticks to the point and doesn‘t
meander around or include lots of extraneous information.
Correctness: To be effective, the written communication should use the correct
tone, inoffensive language, and appropriate grammar
When to use written communication:
•When you have time
•For official purposes – as a proof of making a request
•For summarizing discussions – minutes
•For reporting – dissertation, essays and project reports
•For mass communication – pamphlets
•Personal communication – greetings
When not to use written communication:
•In crises
•When a personal discussion is good enough
•To brainstorm, seek clarifications, generate ideas
•For conflict resolution – feelings are best expressed personally
•In cross-cultural settings as words have different meanings in different settings
Writing effectively
•How to Make Your Writing Communicate Effectively
Know Your Goal and State It Clearly.
Use the Correct Tone for Your Purpose.
Keep Language Simple. ...
Stay on Topic and Keep It Concise.
Use Active Voice.
 Have Someone Proofread Your Writing
Steps to be followed while writing to communicate:
 Write the subject line first
 Keep it short
 Place the most important words at the beginning
 Eliminate filler words
 Be clear and specific about the topic
 Keep it simple and focused
 Use logical keywords for search and filtering
Interview
• Definition: Interview is the widely used election method. It is a face-to-face interaction
between interviewee and interviewer.
• If handled carefully, it can be a powerful technique in having accurate information of the
interviewee otherwise unavailable.
• At the same time, if the interview is not handled carefully, it can be a source of bias,
restricting or distorting the flow of communication.
• an interview is a purposeful exchange of ideas, the answering of questions and
communication between two or more persons.
• PURPOSE OF THE INTERVIEW
• The interview is a conversation in which you and an employer exchange information.
• Your objective is to get an offer of a job, and the employer's objective is to find out the
following:
• What you have to offer (your skills, abilities, basic knowledge).
• Who you are (your personality, character, interests).
• Why you should be hired (you have what they are seeking).
Do’s and Dont’s of an interview
Do’s
•Arrive in good time.
•The interview panel may be interviewing a lot of candidates so do not keep them waiting.
• Dress appropriately-Some organizations, especially technology companies, have a very
casual dress code but, for most, a suit will be appropriate interview wear.
• Remember that you are being judged on the appearance that you present.
• Act appropriately, which usually means following the interviewer‘s lead.
• If you are offered a hand to shake, then shake it, but don‘t offer your own hand if nobody
else seems interested.
• Engage with the interviewers.
• Smile, make eye contact, and build rapport.
•Answer the questions that are asked, using relevant examples where at all possible

Don’t:
•Be afraid to blow your own trumpet a bit- after all, nobody else is going to blow it for you;
however do not lie or exaggerate.
• If you want the job, be enthusiastic and positive.
•Be over-familiar or share too much information. For example, the interviewers don‘t want to
know how you‘re going to manage your childcare
Giving Presentations, key points to be remembered
• To deal with your fear,
1.Calming your inner critic: Calming your inner critic Sometimes, in our desire to excel
and give of our best, we end up becoming our own worst critic. Instead of taking strength
from the many positive experiences of our lives, we remember and exaggerate the effect of
our mistakes. We brood over them, worry, and avoid future situations in which we may
make the same errors.
2.Making realistic improvements: At best, our fears challenge us. At worst, they
immobilize us. This is especially true for those who have a phobia of public speaking. So,
take tiny steps and keep your expectations realistic. Understand that you may continue to
feel nervous, but not overly scared. More important, you will slowly start to look calm and
confident, even if you don‘t feel that way yet. As you prepare and plan, you will feel more
in control of various elements of your presentation. At the beginning, you are unlikely to
feel confident or to enjoy the experience.
3.Changing your focus: As you progress in your career, and give more presentations, you
will find that your focus begins to change from yourself to your audience. This changed
attitude is an indication that you are no longer limited by the fear. A variety of strategies
can help you to calm yourself and reach this stage.
4.Conquering nervousness: Most people feel nervous when they give a presentation. The
key is to control the negative manifestations of your nervousness and to channel the extra
energy flow. Remember, many people feel nervous but not everyone shows their
nervousness. And that‘s what matters. Implementing useful strategies Once you identify the
ways you express your nervousness.
following techniques to steady your wobbly knees and calm your racing heartbeat:
•Mental Strategies
•Psychological Controls
•Physical Techniques

Planning your Presentation: A good presentation requires careful planning. In general,

you will need to follow these steps to plan a successful presentation:
1. Brainstorm and outline: What's your topic? What do you know about the topic? What do
you want your audience to know?
2. Research: Use research to support your argument, find examples and statistics, or to learn
more about your topic.
3. Write an outline.
4. Write a draft.
5.Plan any visual aids such as PowerPoint or any activities you want your audience to
participate in
6. Practice, practice, practice! Make sure your presentation is not too long, and edit it down
as needed.
Points to be considered while delivering presentation
1. Greet the audience and introduce yourself: Before you start delivering your talk,
introduce yourself to the audience and clarify who you are and your relevant expertise.
2. Introduction: In the introduction you need to explain the subject and purpose of your
presentation whilst gaining the audience's interest and confidence.
3. The main body of your talk: The main body of your talk needs to meet the promises
you made in the introduction. Depending on the nature of your presentation, clearly
segment the different topics you will be discussing, and then work your way through them
one at a time - it's important for everything to be organized logically for the audience to
fully understand.
4. Conclusion: In presentations the conclusion is frequently underdeveloped and lacks
purpose which is a shame as it's the best place to reinforce your messages. Typically, your
presentation has a specific goal - that could be to convert a number of the audience
members into customers, lead to a certain number of enquiries to make people
knowledgeable on specific key points, or to motivate them towards a shared goal.
5. Thank the audience and invite questions: Conclude your talk by thanking the audience
for their time and invite them to ask any questions they may have. As mentioned earlier,
personal circumstances will affect the structure of your presentation.
Questions
For 5 marks
1.What is communication?
2.What do you mean by encoding and decoding of the message? Write a note on source and
a receiver in communication.
3.What are different barriers to communication and how will you eliminate them?
4.Write short notes on
a)Interpersonal barriers
b)Physical barriers
c)Psychological barriers
d)Feedback form
5. What are different elements of communication?
6. Differentiate between verbal and non-verbal communication.
7. What do you mean by communication styles?
8. What do you mean by listening?
9. What is interview? Write the factors to be considered for a good interview

For 10 marks questions

•Explain communication process by giving suitable examples.
•Discussthe barriers to effective communication. Provide examples of strategies to
overcome these barriers.
•What do you mean by perspectives in communication? Explain different factors affecting
our perspectives in communication.
•What do you mean by communication style? Explain communication style matrix in detail
with suitable examples.
•What do you mean by effective communication? Writes the characteristics and a brief note
on the same.
• Explain the importance of presentation skills and interview process.
•Enlist the objectives of group discussion along with Do’s and Dont’s.