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Lecture 4 Early Greek Philosophers

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17 views20 pages

Lecture 4 Early Greek Philosophers

Uploaded by

mubarrahusman8
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 4

Early Greek Philosophy


• .

Islamic Perspective
.
• Imam Jaffar Sadiq highlighted the
subject of respect for teachers by
saying:
• “On the day of judgment Allah
will be pleased with a person who
honors and respects a muslim
scholar, and he will be annoyed
with one who insults a muslim
scholar.”

•This shows that even Allah (SWT)


likes those who respect their
teachers and dislike those who
don’t show any respect or
admiration for their teachers.
Study of general and
fundamental questions,
such as those about
• existence,
• reason,
• knowledge,
Philosophy • values,
• mind, and language.

Such questions are often


presented as problems to
be
• studied or resolved.
The first Muslim philosopher who
gave philosophical interpretation
of the Holy Book of Quran.
He emphasized the power of logic,
intellect and reason in human
Al-Kindi development.
His metaphysical view-point of
human nature focuses on ‘oneness
with Allah’ as the supreme goal.
(801-873) He brought harmony(balance)
between philosophy and religion.
“Known As Father
Of Arab He supported the mind-body
Philosophy dualism.
• The Muslim physician who studied
medicine, philosophy and religion.

• His clinical studies revealed a very solid


method of investigation based on
observation and experimentation.

• As Director of Hospital of Ray, he


introduced generous and humane treatment
Al-Razi of patients with emphasis on self-analysis,
feedback exchange, reasoning,
speculation(hypothesis) and self
awareness.
(865-925)
• Moreover, he emphasized the significant
role of learning from teachers and parents
in an individual’s personality development
and growth.
• He studied
• logic,
• ethics and
• metaphysics.

• He favored science;
Al-Farabi • He advocated experimentation;
and
• He believed in opposites and
polarities;
(870-943) • He believed in causality and
determinism.
.
• He classified intellect into
• practical intellect
• theoretical intellect

• Practical intellect is the power of


knowing what is to be done;
and
• Theoretical intellect which helped the
soul to achieve its perfection through
• Intuition(sixth sense),
• Ecstasy (joy/happiness) and
• Inspiration.
The most important part of
Miskawaih’s philosophical
activity is dedicated to ethics.
Miskawai
He believed that human
h beings are created good but
become bad due to
(932-1030) • bad appetites and
• by keeping bad company
and
• By having bad education.
.
Miskawaih stated that the
existence of the human
substance depends on
God’s Will,
• but the improvement of
it was left to an
individual and depended
on his/her will.

He also emphasized
education of children
and youth
• to attain perfection in
science and character.
• His contributions were in the fields
of
• medicine,
• chemistry,
• theology,
• poetry and
• geometry.
Ibn-Sina • He was known for his concepts
about the mind-body dualism

(980-1037) • He treated many patients suffering


from physical and mental disorders.
Mind Body dualism concept :

Mind and bodies are different kind


of things

Bodies occupies space and have


weight and Mind have ideas,
feelings

Bodies can't dream but mind can


dream
• His psychological book, Al-Shifa
discussed
• psychophysical acts and
states.

•From his medical experience, he


told that
• a physically sick person through
complete will power could
become well
• and
• an equally healthy person can
become really ill under the
influence of sickness-obsession.
• Thus, he emphasized the role of
• imagery,
• meditation,
• conditioning,
• self awareness,
• dialogue and reflection

• in his treatment of
psychological disorders.
Al-Ghazali
(1058-1111)
• He was a
• lawyer,
• a scholar , philosopher,
• a moralist.

• He believed that knowledge existed in human soul


• like seed in soil and
• human growth and development follows the same pattern.
.

• For moral and spiritual


development of an individual he
emphasized on ;

• courage to know and


• the courage to doubt;

• religious experience;
• intellect;
• meditation and
• reflection
• He based his psychology on
physics.
• In order to understand the
process of human growth and
development,
Ibn-Bajjah
• he defined different
functions of soul (mind),
such as
• sensation, 1080- 1139)
• imagination,
• rational thinking/
reasoning and
• Innate or inborn
functions.
• He specialized in
• philosophy, theology,
• medicine

• He discovered that the retina, not


the lens, is the light-sensitive part of
the eye.

Ibn-Rushd • He was also among the first to


observe that those affected with
smallpox and who survived were
thereafter immune to the disease,
(1126-1198) • thus, suggesting inoculation as
a way of preventing disease.
Ashraf Ali Thanvi (1863-1943)
Ashraf Ali Thanvi considered both normal and
abnormal behavior patterns as attempts by the
individuals to cope with their life situations as they
perceive them in their own unique style.

Thanvi treated a number of clients suffering from


delusions, hallucinations and obsession

The main theme of Thanvi’s’s treatment was to help


the client understand and accept the so-called
abnormal thoughts as a part of his/her total
personality pattern.
.

This approach seems relatable with the Rational


Emotive Behavioural Therapy

His views are identified by the


three titles:
(b) Causes and
(a) Personality (c) Treatment
Classification
Theory
of Disease or Therapies

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