ECS 222 – Dynamics

Prof. Wanliang Shan

Jan. 24, 2024

 ECS 222
Plan for Today
• Review of last lecture content and conclude with examples
– Two examples
• Introduce key concepts: (Textbook Chapter 11.2C,11.4)
– Relative motion of multiple particles
– Pulley problems
– Example problems
• Homework 1
– will be posted this Thursday
– due next Friday by 5pm
 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Edition
Eleventh

Acceleration as a function of time, position, or velocity

If…. Kinematic relationship Integrate
v t
dv
a a t 
dt
a (t ) dv a t dt
v0 0

dx dv
dt  and a  v x
v dt
a a  x  v dv  a  x dx
v0 x0
v dv a  x  dx

v t
dv dv
dt
a (v) 
v0
dt
a v  0
a a v 
dv x v
v dv
v a v   dx  
dx x0 v0
a v 
right © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 11 - 3
 Sample Problem 11.3
STRATEGY:

a  kv • Integrate a = dv/dt = -kv to find v(t).

• Integrate v(t) = dx/dt to find x(t).

• Integrate a = v dv/dx = -kv to find
v(x).
A mountain bike shock mechanism used
to provide shock absorption consists of a
piston that travels in an oil-filled cylinder.
As the cylinder is given an initial velocity
v0, the piston moves and oil is forced
through orifices in piston, causing piston
and cylinder to decelerate at rate
proportional to their velocity.
Determine v(t), x(t), and v(x).

2-4
Sample Problem 11.3
MODELING and ANALYSIS:
• Integrate a = dv/dt = -kv to find v(t).

vt  v0 e  kt

• Integrate v(t) = dx/dt to find x(t).

xt  
v0
k

1  e  kt 
2-5
Sample
•
Problem 11.3
Integrate a = v dv/dx = -kv to find v(x).

v v0  kx

2-6
 Group Problem Solving
A bowling ball is dropped from a boat so that it
strikes the surface of a lake with a speed of 15 ft/s.
+y Assuming the ball experiences a downward
acceleration of a =10 - 0.01v2 when in the water,
determine the velocity of the ball when it strikes the
bottom of the lake.

Which integral should you choose?

v t v x
(a) dv a t dt
v0 0
(c) v dv  a  x dx
v0 x0

v t
x v
v dv dv
(b)  dx   (d)  dt
a v  0
x0 v0
a v  v0

2-7
 Concept Question
When will the bowling ball start slowing down?

A bowling ball is dropped from a boat so that it

strikes the surface of a lake with a speed of 15 ft/s.
+y Assuming the ball experiences a downward
acceleration of a =10 - 0.01v2 when in the water,
determine the velocity of the ball when it strikes the
bottom of the lake.

2-8
 Uniform Rectilinear Motion
Airplane cruising at 30,000 ft For a particle in uniform
rectilinear motion, the acceleration
Or car cruising at 70 MPH on highway
is zero and the velocity is constant.

dx
v constant
dt
x t
dx v dt
x0 0
x  x0 vt
x  x0  vt

Careful – these only apply to

uniform rectilinear motion!
 Uniformly Accelerated Rectilinear Motion
For a particle in uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion, the
acceleration of the particle is constant, e.g. free fall of object from
elevation.
v t
dv
dt
a constant dv a dt
v0 0
v v0  at

x t
dx
dt
v0  at
x0
dx v0  at dt
0
x  x0  v0t  12 at 2

v x
dv
v a constant v dv a dx v 2 v02  2a x  x0 
dx v0 x0

Careful – these only apply to uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion!

 Motion of Several Particles
We may be interested in the motion of several different particles,
whose motion may be independent or linked together.

© 2019 McGraw-Hill Education.

 Motion of Several Particles: Relative
Motion
• For particles moving along the same line, time
should be recorded from the same starting
instant and displacements should be measured
from the same origin in the same direction.
xB  x B  x A  relative position of B
A
xB x A  xB A with respect to A

v B A v B  v A  relative velocity of B
v B v A  v B A with respect to A

aB a B  a A relative acceleration of B
A
with respect to A
a B a A  a B A

© 2019 McGraw-Hill Education.

 Motion of Several Particles: Dependent
Motion
• Position of a particle may depend on position of one or more other particles.

• Position of block B depends on position of block A.

• Since rope is of constant length, it follows that sum of

lengths of segments must be constant.

x A  2 x B  constant (one degree of freedom)

© 2019 McGraw-Hill Education.

 Motion of Several Particles: Dependent
Motion
• Position of a particle may depend on position of one or more other particles.

• Positions of three blocks are dependent.

2 x A  2 x B  xC constant (two degrees of freedom)

• For linearly related positions, similar relations hold

between velocities and accelerations.

dx A dx dx
2  2 B  C 0 or 2v A  2v B  vC 0
dt dt dt
dv dv dv
2 A  2 B  C 0 or 2a A  2a B  aC 0
dt dt dt
© 2019 McGraw-Hill Education.