Introduction

to Computer
Science
CSC 101
Mr. Samuel Acheme
Mr. Francis Edoh
 COURSE CONTENTS
• Definition of computer science. History of computer and their
generations.
• Information Processing and their roles in the society
• Computer Hardware: functional components, Modern I/O units.
• Software: Operating Systems, Application Packages.
• Information Systems:
• Integration and Application of ICT in Business and other
segments of the society
• Usage of MS office Applications and the internet for lab
sections
• Program: Development; Flowcharts and Algorithms;
• Introduction to Computer Programming using Python.
 Course Aim and Objectives
The aim of this course is to Develop your knowledge
and understanding of the underlying principles and
applicability of Computer Science. The Objectives
include;

 Develop your knowledge of Computers and

computational analysis.
 Understanding the applications of Information
Systems.
 Course Aim and Objectives
 Develop Proficiency in the use of basic Computer
Softwares.
 Build up your capacity to evaluate computer
Flow chart and algorithms.
 Develop your competence in Basic Computer
Networking.
 Build up your capacity to write s i m p l e
programmes in Computer Science.
• .
 Computer Hardware
Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU is often referred to as the "brain" of the computer. It is

responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations.
Modern CPUs are typically multi-core, meaning they have multiple
processing units that can work .
 Computer Hardware
Main Memory (RAM)

RAM is a type of volatile memory that stores data

temporarily while the computer is running. It is used to hold
instructions, data, and the operating system.
 Computer Hardware
Secondary Storage

Secondary storage devices are used to store data

permanently. Common types of secondary storage
include:
• Hard Disk Drives (HDDs): Store data on
magnetic disks.
 Computer Hardware

Solid-State Drives (SSDs): Store data on flash memory, which is

faster and more durable than HDDs.
 Computer Hardware
 Optical Drives: Read and write data to optical discs,
such as CDs and DVDs.
 Computer Hardware
Input Devices

Input devices are used to enter data into the computer.

Common input devices include:
 Keyboard: A device with keys used to enter text and
commands.
 Computer Hardware
 Mouse: A pointing device used to control the
cursor on the screen.
 Computer Hardware
 Touchscreen: A screen that can detect touch input.
 Computer Hardware
 Scanner: A device that converts physical documents
into digital images.
 Computer Hardware
 Microphone: A device that converts sound into
electrical signals.
 Computer Hardware

Output devices are used to display or present information

from the computer. Common output devices include:
 Monitor: A device that displays visual information.
 Computer Hardware

 Printer: A device that produces physical copies of

documents.
 Computer Hardware

 Speakers: Devices that produce sound.

 Computer Hardware
 Projector: A device that projects images onto a screen.
 Computer Hardware
Other Hardware Components

 Motherboard: A printed circuit board that connects all

the components of the computer.
 Computer Hardware

 Power Supply Unit (PSU): Provides power to the

computer's components.
 Computer Hardware

 Graphics Card: A specialized circuit board that

processes graphics.
 Computer Hardware

 Network Interface Card (NIC): A device that enables

the computer to connect to a network.
 Computer Hardware

Computer hardware is constantly evolving, with

new technologies and components being
introduced regularly. Understanding the different
components of a computer system can help you
make informed decisions when purchasing or
upgrading your hardware.
 Computer Hardware
Computer Hardware: Functional Components,
Modern I/O Units
Functional components:
 Central Processing Unit (CPU): The brain of the computer,
responsible for executing instructions.
 Main Memory (RAM): Stores data and instructions temporarily
while the computer is running.
 Secondary Storage: Stores data permanently, such as hard
drives, solid-state drives (SSDs), and optical drives.
 Input Devices: Devices used to enter data into the computer,
such as keyboards, mice, scanners, and microphones.
 Output Devices: Devices used to display or present
information, such as monitors, printers, and speakers.
 Computer Hardware
Modern I/O units:
 USB devices: Versatile devices for
connecting a wide range of peripherals.
 Bluetooth devices: Wireless devices for
connecting to computers and other devices.
 Wireless networks: Provide internet
connectivity without physical cables.
 Touchscreens: Interactive input devices
used in smartphones, tablets, and laptops.
 Computer Software:
The Invisible Force Behind Technology

Computer software is the intangible component

of a computer system that consists of programs,
applications, and data. It provides instructions to
the hardware, enabling it to perform specific
tasks and functions.
 Computer Software:

Types of Software
System Software:
o Operating Systems: Control the computer's resources,
manage hardware, and provide a user interface. Examples
include Windows, macOS, and Linux.
 Computer Software:

o Device Drivers: Control the interaction

between hardware components and the
operating system.
o Utilities: Perform specific tasks, such as
antivirus software, disk defragmenters, and
compression tools.
 Computer Software:

Application Software:
Application software is designed to help users perform specific
tasks. It runs on top of the operating system and includes a
wide range of programs tailored to different purposes.
 Computer Software:

TYPES
- Productivity Software: Includes applications like
Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) and Google
Workspace (Docs, Sheets, Slides), which are used for
creating documents, spreadsheets, and presentations.
 Computer Software:
o Word Processing: Used for creating and editing
text documents. Examples include Microsoft Word,
Google Docs, and LibreOffice Writer.
 Computer Software:
o Spreadsheets: Used for organizing and analyzing
data in tables. Examples include Microsoft Excel,
Google Sheets, and LibreOffice Calc.
 Computer Software:
o Presentation Software: Used for creating and
delivering presentations. Examples include Microsoft
PowerPoint, Google Slides, and LibreOffice Impress.
 Computer Software:

- Creative Software: Includes tools like Adobe

Photoshop for photo editing, Adobe Illustrator for
vector graphics, and Final Cut Pro for video
editing.

Types of Creative Software

Creative software encompasses a wide range of tools used for
various artistic and design purposes. Here are some of the
main categories:
 Computer Software:
Graphic Design Software
Graphics Software: Used for creating,
editing, and manipulating images and graphics.
Examples include Adobe Photoshop, GIMP, and
CorelDRAW.
 Vector Graphics:
o Adobe Illustrator
o CorelDRAW
o Inkscape
o Affinity Designer
 Raster Graphics:
o Adobe Photoshop
o GIMP
o Affinity Photo
o Paint.NET
3D Modeling and Animation Software
 3D Modeling:
o Blender
o Autodesk Maya
o ZBrush
o Cinema 4D
 3D Animation:
o Autodesk Maya
o Blender
o Adobe After Effects
o Houdini
Video Editing Software
 Professional:
o Adobe Premiere Pro
o Final Cut Pro
o DaVinci Resolve
 Consumer:
o Adobe Premiere Elements
o iMovie
o Shotcut
Audio Editing Software
 Professional:
o Pro Tools
o Ableton Live
o FL Studio
o Logic Pro
 Consumer:
o Audacity
o GarageBand

Digital Painting Software

 Professional:
o Adobe Photoshop
o Krita
o Clip Studio Paint
 Consumer:
o ArtRage
o PaintTool SAI
Web Design Software
 HTML/CSS Editors:
o Sublime Text
o Visual Studio Code
o Atom
 Website Builders:
o WordPress
o Wix
o Squarespace
Game Development Software
 Game Engines:
o Unity
o Unreal Engine
 - Web Browsers: Applications like Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and
Safari allow users to access and navigate the internet.
Web Browsers: Used to access and view web pages. Examples include
Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Microsoft Edge.
- Communication Tools: Includes email clients like Microsoft Outlook,
messaging apps like Slack, and video conferencing tools like Zoom and
whatsapp
Entertainment Software: Includes media players like VLC, music streaming apps like
Spotify, and gaming platforms like Steam.
- Business Applications: ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems, CRM (Customer
Relationship Management) software, and financial management tools are critical for
running business operations.
o Database Management Systems (DBMS): Used for storing, organizing,
and retrieving data. Examples include MySQL, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL
Server.
THANK YOU.