GROUNDED

THEORY
Presented by GROUP 4

NSG 501 | 2024 UNIVERSITY OF THE VISAYAS

 KEY IDEAS

WHAT IS GROUNDED
THEORY RESEARCH? • A grounded theory design is a
WHEN DO YOU USE
systematic, qualitative procedure
GROUNDED THEORY used to generate a theory that
RESEARCH?
explains, at a broad conceptual
HOW DID
GROUNDED
level, a process, an action, or
DEVELOP? interaction about a substantive
TYPES OF GROUNDED
THEORY DESIGNS
topic.

Presented by Group 4 | NSG 501 Qualitative Methods in Health Research | 2024 |

University of the Visayas
 KEY IDEAS

WHAT IS GROUNDED
THEORY RESEARCH?
• When to use Grounded Theory
• Key characteristics of Grounded
WHEN DO YOU USE
GROUNDED THEORY
Theory research
RESEARCH? • Conducting a grounded theory
HOW DID study
GROUNDED
DEVELOP?
• Evaluating a grounded theory
TYPES OF GROUNDED
study
THEORY DESIGNS

Presented by Group 4 | NSG 501 Qualitative Methods in Health Research | 2024 |

University of the Visayas
 KEY IDEAS

WHAT IS GROUNDED • To generate a theory

THEORY RESEARCH? rather than use one
"off the shelf"
WHEN DO YOU USE
GROUNDED THEORY
• To explain a process,
RESEARCH? action, or interaction
• When you want a
HOW DID
GROUNDED step-by-step,
DEVELOP? systematic procedure
TYPES OF GROUNDED • When you want to
THEORY DESIGNS stay close to the data
Presented by Group 4 | NSG 501 Qualitative Methods in Health Research |
2024 |
 KEY IDEAS
• 1965 Barney Glaser and Anselm
WHAT IS GROUNDED Strauss book Awareness in Dying
THEORY RESEARCH?
• 1990, 1998 Strauss and Corbin
WHEN DO YOU USE prescriptive form with
GROUNDED THEORY
RESEARCH? predetermined categories and
HOW DID concerns about reliability and
GROUNDED
DEVELOP? validity
TYPES OF GROUNDED • 2000 CharmazZ introduces
THEORY DESIGNS
"Constructivist" method
Presented by Group 4 | NSG 501 Qualitative Methods in Health
Research | 2024 |
 KEY IDEAS
THE SYSTEMATIC
WHAT IS GROUNDED DESIGN
THEORY RESEARCH? • OPEN CODING: PROPERTIES AND
DIMENSIONALIZED PROPERTIES. LDENTIFYING,
WHEN DO YOU USE
GROUNDED THEORY NAMING, CATEGORIZING, DESCRIBING
RESEARCH? PHENOMENA FOUND IN THE TEXT.
HOW DID
• Axial Coding: researcher selects one open coding
GROUNDED category and places it at the center as the
DEVELOP? Central Phenomenon and then relates all other
TYPES OF GROUNDED categories to it.
THEORY DESIGNS
• Selective Coding: writing a theory based on the
interrelationship of the categories from axial
coding
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 OPEN CODING TO CODING
PARADIGM
OPEN AXIAL CODING
CATEGORIES
CATEGORY PARADIGM

CATEGORY
CAUSAL CORE STRATEGIES CONSEQUEN
CATEGORY CONDITION CATEGORY OR CES
PHENOMENON
ONE OPEN
CATEGORY
INTERVENI CODING
NG CATEGORY AS
CATEGORY
CORE
CONDITIO
PHENOMENON
NS
 KEY IDEAS
THE EMERGING
WHAT IS GROUNDED DESIGN
THEORY RESEARCH?
• GROUNDED THEORY EXISTS AT THE MOST
WHEN DO YOU USE ABSTRACT CONCEPTUAL LEVEL RATHER THAN
GROUNDED THEORY THE LEAST ABSTRACT level as found in visual
RESEARCH?
data presentations such as a coding paradigm.
HOW DID • A theory is grounded in the data and not forced
GROUNDED
into categories.
DEVELOP?
• FOUR ESSENTIAL CRITERIA: FIT, WORK,
TYPES OF GROUNDED
THEORY DESIGNS RELEVANCE, MODIFIABILITY
 FOUR ESSENTIAL
FIT Fit has to do with how closely CRITERIA
concepts fit with the incidents they are representing, and
this is related to how thorough the constant comparison of incidents to concepts was
done.
RELEVANCE A relevant study deals with the real concern of the participants and is
not only for academic interests.

WORKABILI The theory works when it explains how the problem is being solved
with much variation.
TY
MODIFIABILI A modifiable theory can be altered when new relevant data are
compared to existing data. GT is never right or wrong, it just has
TY more or less fit, relevance, workability and modifiability.
 KEY IDEAS
THE CONSTRUCTIVIST
WHAT IS GROUNDED DESIGN
THEORY RESEARCH? • PHILOSOPHICAL POSITION BETWEEN POSITIVIST
AND post-modern researchers
WHEN DO YOU USE
GROUNDED THEORY • THEORIST EXPLAINS FEELINGS OF INDIVIDUALS
RESEARCH? AS THEY EXPERIENCE A PHENOMENON OR
HOW DID PROCESS
GROUNDED • STUDY MENTIONS BELIEFS AND VALUES OF THE
DEVELOP? RESEARCHER AND ESCHEWS PREDETERMINED
TYPES OF GROUNDED CATEGORIES
THEORY DESIGNS
• NARRATIVE IS MORE EXPLANATORY, DISCURSIVE,
AND PROBING THE ASSUMPTIONS AND MEANINGS
FOR THE INDIVIDUALS IN THE STUDY.
 KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUNDED THEORY

A PROCESS APROACH A CORE

CATEGORY

THEORETICAL THEORY
SAMPLING GENERATION

CONSTANT COMPARATIVE MEMOS

DATA ANALYSIS
 A PROCESS AND CATEGORIES WITHIN THE FLOW
of research in Grounded Theory
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM LEADS TO
A study of a central phenomenon
in grounded theory research questions
That addresses a process
Which contains
- a sequence of activities
- including actions by people
- including interactions by people
Which a grounded theorist
begins to understand by developing
- categories
- relating categories
- developing a theory that explains
 ZIG-ZAG APPROACH TO DATA collection and analysis

DATA DATA ANALYSIS

COLLECTION
CLOSE TO SATURATED
CategorieS MORE REFINED
CATEGORIES
THIRD
INTERVIEW
REFINED TOWARD
SECOND
CATEGORIES SATURATION OF
INTERVIEW
CATEGORIES
FIRST PRELIMINARY
INTERVIEW CATEGORIES
 MEMOING
Memos are notes the researcher writes
throughout the research process to elaborate on
ideas about the data and the coded categories.
In memos, the researcher explores hunches,
ideas, and thoughts, and then takes them apart,
always searching for the broader explanations at
work in the process.
 CONDUCTING A GROUNDED THEORY
study
• Decide if grounded Theory design best addresses the research
problem
• Identify a process to study
• Seek approval and access
• Conduct theoretical sampling
• Code the data
• Use selective coding and develop the theory
• Validate your theory
• Write a grounded theory research report
 EVALUATING A GROUNDED THEORY
•
study
Is there an obvious connection between the categories and the raw data?
• Is the theory useful as a conceptual explanation for the process being studied?
• Does the theory provide a relevant explanation of actual problems and a basic process?
• Can the theory be modified as conditions change or further data are gathered?
• Is a theoretical model developed or generated that conceptualizes a process, action, or
interaction?
• Is there a central phenomenon (or core category) specified at the heart of the model?
• Does the model emerge through phases of coding? (e.g. initial codes to more theoretically
oriented codes or open coding to axial coding to selective coding)
• Does the researcher attempt to interrelate categories?
• Does the researcher gather extensive data so as to develop a detailed conceptual theory as well
saturated in the data?
• Does the study show how the researcher validated the evolving theory by comparing it to the
data, examining how the theory supports or refutes existing theories in the literatu
 EVALUATING A GROUNDED THEORY
•
study
Is there an obvious connection between the categories and the raw data?
• Is the theory useful as a conceptual explanation for the process being studied?
• Does the theory provide a relevant explanation of actual problems and a basic process?
• Can the theory be modified as conditions change or further data are gathered?
• Is a theoretical model developed or generated that conceptualizes a process, action, or
interaction?
• Is there a central phenomenon (or core category) specified at the heart of the model?
• Does the model emerge through phases of coding? (e.g. initial codes to more theoretically
oriented codes or open coding to axial coding to selective coding)
• Does the researcher attempt to interrelate categories?
• Does the researcher gather extensive data so as to develop a detailed conceptual theory as well
saturated in the data?
• Does the study show how the researcher validated the evolving theory by comparing it to the
data, examining how the theory supports or refutes existing theories in the literatu
 REFERENCES
REFERENCES 1
Glaser, B. (1992). Basics of Grounded Theory Analysis. Miss Valley,
CA:Sociology Press.
REFERENCES 2
Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory. A practical guide
REFERENCES 3
th
Glaser BG, Strauss A. Discovery of Grounded Theory. Strategies for
Qualitative Research, Sociology Press, 1967
REFERENCES 4
Strauss A. Corbin J. Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory
Procedures and Techniques, Sage 1990
 THANK YOU

NSG 501 | 2024 University of the

Visayas