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Active Filters

Uploaded by

ilmarangrez29
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Active filters 1 &

st

2 order low pass


nd

and high pass filter


* Active filters and
oscillators
An electric filter is often a frequency selective circuit
that passes a specified band of frequencies and block
or attenuates signals of frequencies outside this band.

Classified of filters
1. Analog or digital
2. Passive or active
3. Audio and radio frequency
Active filters
As their name implies, Active Filters contain active
components such as operational amplifiers, transistors or
FET’s within their circuit design. They draw their power
from an external power source and use it to boost or
amplify the output signal.

These are generally used in communication and signal


processing i.e. radio, television etc.

Advantage of Active filters over Passive


filters
1. Gain and frequency adjustment flexibility
2. No loading problem (because of high i/p and low o/p resistance of
op-amp)
3. Active filters are cheaper than passive filters
First order low pass filter

Fig.1 circuit Fig.2 Frequency response


diagram

Note : The op-Amp is used in the non- inverting configuration ;


hence it does not load down the RC Network.
Gain of a first-order low pass filter

•Where:
• AF = the pass band gain of the filter, (1 + R2/R1)
• ƒ = the frequency of the input signal in Hertz, (Hz)
• ƒc = the cut-off frequency in Hertz, (Hz)

Thus, the operation of a low pass active filter can be verified from
the frequency gain equation above as:

•1. At very low frequencies, ƒ < ƒc


•2. At the cut-off frequency, ƒ = ƒc
•3. At very high frequencies, ƒ > ƒc
Designing Low pass filter
1. Choose a value of high cut off Frequency ƒc

2. Select a value of C less than or equal to 1µF. Mylar or tantalum


capacitor are recommended for better performance.

3. Calculate R= 1/(2πƒcC)

4. Select R1 and R2
AF = the pass band gain of the filter, (1 + R2/R1)
Second Order Low pass Filter

Fig 2. blue line show


Fig 1. circuit diagram
frequency response of
2nd order low pass filter
Filter design for 2nd order low pass filter

1. Choose a value of high cut off Frequency ƒc

2. To simplify the design set R2 = R1 = R and C1= C2= C then choose C


less than or equal to 1µF

3. Calculate R= 1/(2πƒcC)

4. AF = the pass band gain of the filter, (1 + Ra/Rb) = 1.589


First order HIGH PASS FILTER

Fig circuit diagram Fig . Frequency response


Gain of a first-order Active pass filter

•Where:
• AF = the pass band gain of the filter, (1 + R2/R1)
• ƒ = the frequency of the input signal in Hertz, (Hz)
• ƒc = the cut-off frequency in Hertz, (Hz)

Thus, the operation of a low pass active filter can be


verified from the frequency gain equation above as:

•1. At very low frequencies, ƒ < ƒc


•2. At the cut-off frequency, ƒ = ƒc
•3. At very high frequencies, ƒ > ƒc
2nd order high pass filter

Fig. circuit diagram fig 2. Red line show the


frequency response of
2nd order
Keep
Learning …

Dr. Mona Bhatnagar

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