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Databases the Cornerstone of Modern Data Management 2

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Databases the Cornerstone of Modern Data Management 2

Uploaded by

arisalame12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Databases: The

Cornerstone of Modern
Data Management
Databases have become an indispensable tool for organizations to
store, manage, and retrieve vast amounts of data. They serve as
the backbone for a wide range of applications, enabling efficient
data management and powering critical decision-making
processes.
by Vikings
What is a Database?
1 Structured Data 2 Data Integrity
Storage
Databases enforce data
Databases provide a integrity rules to ensure
structured way to store the accuracy and
and organize data, consistency of the stored
making it easily information.
accessible and
searchable.

3 Concurrency Control
Databases manage concurrent access to data, allowing
multiple users or applications to interact with the data
simultaneously.
Relational Databases
Tables and Relationships SQL Language Transactions

Relational databases store data in Relational databases use the Relational databases provide
tables, with each table Structured Query Language (SQL) robust transaction management,
representing a specific entity or to interact with and manipulate the ensuring that multiple operations
concept. These tables are data, allowing for powerful data are executed as a single atomic
connected through defined retrieval, insertion, and unit, maintaining data consistency
relationships, ensuring data management capabilities. even in the event of failures.
consistency and integrity.
NoSQL Databases
Document-Oriented Column-Family Stores
NoSQL databases, such as MongoDB, store data in flexible, Column-family databases, exemplified by Cassandra, organize
schema-less documents, allowing for more dynamic and agile data data into columns and rows, offering high scalability and
models. availability.

1 2 3

Key-Value Stores
Key-value databases, like Redis, provide a simple and efficient way
to store and retrieve data using unique keys.
Database Design Principles
Normalization Entity-Relationship
Modeling
Designing databases with
proper normalization techniques Identifying entities, their
helps to minimize data attributes, and the relationships
redundancy and improve data between them is crucial for
integrity. creating an effective database
schema.

Scalability and Data Modeling


Performance
Thoughtful data modeling,
Considering scalability and whether for relational or NoSQL
performance factors, such as databases, is essential for
indexing and partitioning, meeting the specific
ensures the database can requirements of an application.
handle growing data and usage
demands.
SQL and Database Queries
Data Retrieval Data Manipulation Advanced Querying

The SQL SELECT statement is used SQL provides INSERT, UPDATE, and SQL supports complex queries with
to retrieve data from one or more DELETE statements to add, modify, features like joins, subqueries, and
tables, allowing for sophisticated and remove data from the window functions, enabling
filtering, sorting, and aggregation. database, respectively. powerful data analysis and
reporting capabilities.
Database Indexing and
Optimization
Indexing
Indexes are data structures that improve the speed of data
retrieval, allowing databases to quickly locate and access
specific records.

Query Optimization
Databases employ various optimization techniques, such as
query planning and execution, to ensure efficient processing
of complex queries.

Performance Tuning
Ongoing database administration and performance monitoring
are crucial for identifying and resolving performance
bottlenecks and maintaining optimal database operation.
Transactions and ACID Compliance

Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability


Transactions must be treated Databases must maintain Transactions must be isolated Once a transaction has been
as a single, indivisible unit of data integrity by ensuring from one another, so that the committed, its effects must
work, ensuring that all that transactions move the actions of one transaction do be permanent and survive
operations either complete database from one valid state not affect the others. system failures or crashes.
successfully or are rolled to another.
back entirely.
Database Security and
Access Control
1 Authentication and 2 Encryption and Data
Authorization Protection
Databases implement Sensitive data is often
user authentication and encrypted at rest and in
access control transit to prevent
mechanisms to ensure unauthorized access and
that only authorized maintain data
individuals can interact confidentiality.
with the data.

3 Auditing and Monitoring


Robust logging and monitoring systems help to detect and
respond to security threats and suspicious activities within
the database.
Database Administration and
Maintenance
Backup and Recovery Ensuring regular backups and the
ability to restore data in the event
of a failure or data loss.

Capacity Planning Monitoring and forecasting


database resource utilization to
proactively scale infrastructure as
needed.
Performance Tuning Continuously optimizing database
configurations, indexing, and
query plans to maintain high
performance.
Maintenance and Upgrades Applying security patches,
software updates, and performing
regular maintenance tasks to keep
the database healthy.

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