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CEREBRAL CORTEX

cerebral cortex

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himangshi2000
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11 views8 pages

CEREBRAL CORTEX

cerebral cortex

Uploaded by

himangshi2000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CEREBRAL CORTEX

Introduction

The Cerebral Cortex is made up of tightly packed neurons


and is the wrinkly, outermost layer that surrounds the
brain. It is also responsible for higher thought processes
including speech and decision making . The cortex is
divided into four different lobes, the frontal , parietal ,
temporal , and occipital, which are each responsible for
processing different types of sensory information
Function:
• The cerebral cortex is involved in several functions of
the body including:
• Determining intelligence
• Determining personality
• Motor function
• Planning and organization
• Touch sensation
• Processing sensory information
• Language processing
The cerebral cortex contains:

Sensory areas: receive input from the thalamus and


process information related to the senses. They include
the visual cortex of the occipital lobe, the auditory cortex
of the temporal lobe, the gustatory cortex, and the
somatosensory cortex of the parietal lobe. Within the
sensory areas are association areas that give meaning to
sensations and associate sensations with specific stimuli.
Motor areas: including the primary motor cortex and the
premotor cortex, regulate voluntary movement .
Frontal
lobe
Structure -

The frontal lobe is part of the brain’s cerebral


cortex. Individually, the paired lobes are
known as the left and right frontal cortex.
The frontal lobe is located near the front of
the head, under the frontal skull bones and
near the forehead. It was the last region of
the brain to evolve, making it a relatively new
addition to the structure.
The frontal lobe is the largest lobe of the
brain and makes up about a third of the
surface area of each hemisphere.
It contains the motor cortex , which is involved in
planning and coordinating movement; the
prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for higher-
level cognitive functioning; and Broca’s area , which
is essential for language production
Function-
The frontal lobe plays a key role in future planning , including self-management and decision-making.
People with frontal lobe damage often struggle with gathering information, remembering previous
experiences, and making decisions based on this input.
Some of the many other functions the frontal lobe plays in daily functions include:
• Speech and language production: Broca’s area , a region in the frontal lobe, helps put thoughts into
words. Damage to this area can undermine the ability to speak, to understand language, or to produce speech that
makes sense.
• Some motor skills: The frontal lobe houses the primary motor cortex, which helps coordinate voluntary movements,
including walking and running.
• Comparing objects: The frontal lobe helps categorize and classify objects, in addition to distinguishing one item from
another.
• Forming memories: Virtually every brain region plays a role in memory, so the frontal lobe is not unique. However,
research suggests it plays a key role in forming long-term memories.
• Understanding and reacting to the feelings of others: The frontal lobe is vital for empathy.
• Forming personality: The complex interplay of impulse control, memory, and other tasks helps form a person’s key
characteristics. Damage to the frontal lobe can radically alter personality.
• Reward-seeking behavior and motivation: Most of the brain’s dopamine-sensitive neurons are in the frontal lobe.
Dopamine is a brain chemical that helps support feelings of reward and motivation.
• Managing attention, including selective attention: When the frontal lobe cannot properly manage attention, then
conditions, such as attention deficit disorder (ADHD), may develop.
Occipital lobe
Structure -
• The occipital lobe is located at the very back of
the brain, and contains the primary visual
cortex, which is responsible for interpreting
incoming visual information.
• It is the smallest lobe of the brain, accounting
for around 12% of the total surface area of the
brain’s cortex. It is located at the rear of the
brain, behind the temporal and parietal
lobe and below the occipital bone of the skull .
• There are two sides to the occipital lobes, in
both the left and right hemispheres of the brain,
separated by cerebral fissure
• It contains primary visual cortex, secondary
visual cortex, lateral geniculate body, ventral
stream and lingula .
Function -
The occipital lobe is the visual processing area of the brain.
The occipital lobe is the part of the human brain responsible for interpreting
information from the eyes and turning it into the world as a person sees it.

• the occipital lobe deals with aspects of vision, including:


• depth perception
• distance
• color determination
• object recognition
• movement
• face recognition
• memory information

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