Anatomy of ear 901 ‫شهد نميري‬

889 ‫شهد طارق‬

893 ‫شهد جندي‬

External ear Middle ear relation Ossicles

It is the outer part of the ear and consists of the pinna and the • Roof : formed by tegmen tympani of the temporal bone The ossicles (also called auditory ossicles ) are Three bones are either
auditory canal. The outer ear collects sound and directs it towards middle ear (melleus , incus and stapes) that are among the smallest
the eardrum. • Floor : related to –juglar bulb (bulb of the internal juglar vein) bones in the human body .
The pinna is the curved and visible part of the ear outside the head, -tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve *The ossicles are situated in the middle aer and suspended by
and it is devoid of bones. It mainly consists of a strong and flexible Applied anatomy: in tonsillitis and following tonsillectomy there is ligaments.
tissue called: cartilage, which is covered with a thin layer of skin. The referred pain in the middle ear due to the fact that the glossy *Nerve supply : Trigeminal nerve and facial nerve .
lower hanging part of the pinna is called the earlobe and it consists pharyngeal nerve supplies both the oropharynx and the middle ear *Muscles : Tensor tympany and Stapedius
of a fatty substance. Two skeletal muscles are work together to damp down the intensity
The auditory canal is a tube that runs from the outer ear to the • Anterior wall (carotid wall) : of high-pitched voices .
- related to - the internal carotid artery -In case of facial palsy, the patient
middle ear. The length of the canal from the pinna to the eardrum in
an adult human is about 2.5 cm and its diameter is 0.7 cm. - auditory tube and canal Complains “hyperacusis” due to paralysis
An ear examination can find problems in the ear canal, eardrum, and - tensor tympani muscle Of stapedius.
the middle ear. During an ear examination, a tool called an otoscope
is used to look at the outer ear canal and eardrum. The otoscope has • Posterior wall ( mastoid wall) :
-facial canal
a light, a magnifying lens, and a funnel-shaped viewing piece with a
narrow, pointed end called a speculum -stepedius muscle
-aditus to mastoid antrum
Inner ear
The inner ear has three main parts. The cochlea , which is the hearing
• Medial wall : portion, and the semicircular canals is the balance portion , and the

Tympanic membrane is related to :facial canal .

the oval window covered by the stapes.
vestibule
The cochlea is shaped like a snail and is divided into two chambers by a
membrane.
it separates the outer ear from the middle ear. the cochlea and the round window covered by secondary tympanic The semi-circular canals are also known as
It’s composed of pars flaccida and pars tensa . membrane. the labyrinthine. These little canals are lined This allows the brain to know
in which direction the head is moving
• Lateral wall: The utricle and saccule in the vestibule are mostly responsible for
The pars tensa is forming the great part and it’s tighter and strong than is related to the tympanic membrane. forward/backward and up/down motion.
the pars flaccida. The inner ear divided into , bony and membranous partBony The :
When examined by autoscope or direct light the antero- inferior part of cochlea , which is the hearing portion its 2,3/4 roll is shaped like a snail,
the membrane appears bright, forming what is called cone of light and the vestibule central part has The utricle and saccule in the vestibule
The Tympanic membrane is formed of 3 layers : are mostly responsible for (Equilibrium)The semi-circular canals are also
Outer layer : skin known as the labyrinthine. Its post to the vestibula and devided into :
Middle layer : fibrous tissue it’s containing the handle of malleus and latral , superior , posterior These little canals are lined This allows the brain
chorda tympani narve to know in which direction the head is moving.membranous part has 3
Inner layer : mucous membrane . duct : semi circular , vestibular , cochlear
A branch of vagus nerve supplies the outer surface of the membrane,
while the inner surface is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve