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Statistics and Probability - Copy

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sydneyprince1992008
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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STATISTICS

AND
PROBABILITY
I L L U S T R AT E S A R A N D O M
VA R I A B L E ( D I S C R E T E A N D
CONTINUOUS)
Definition of basic terms:
• Universe – the collection of or set of units or
entities from whom one obtain the data.
• Variable - is a characteristic that is observable
or measurable in every unit of the universe.
• Population - the set of all possible values of a
variable.
• Sample - a subgroup of a universe or of a
population
Broad classifications of variables
Qualitative Variables:
• consist of categories or
attributes which have non-
numerical characteristics.
• express a categorical attribute
• answer questions “what kind”
Quantitative Variables:

• Consist of numbers representing


counts or measurements
• have actual units of measure
• answer questions such as “how
much” or “how many”
Statistics and Probability
A random variable is a
numerical quantity that is
assigned to the outcome of an
experiment. It is a set of
possible values from a random
experiment
Statistics and Probability
The set of possible values
is called the Sample
Space.
▪ A variable 𝑿 is a random variable if the value that
it assumes, corresponding to the
outcome of an experiment, is a chance of a random
event.
▪ A random variable is denoted with a capital letter
(to avoid confusion with the Algebra type
of variable).

variable 𝑿 tells what the possible values of 𝑿 are


▪ The probability distribution of a random

and how probabilities are assigned to those values.


▪ A random variable can be discrete or continuous.
Example 1:

Tails. Let 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒔 = 𝟎 and 𝑻𝒂𝒊𝒍𝒔 = 𝟏; and we have


Tossing a Coin Tossing a coin: We could get Heads or

a Random Variable "𝑿"


Example 2:
Throwing a die Random Variable X = "The score
shown on the top face".

X could be
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6
So, the Sample
Space is {1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6}
Two Types of Random Variable:
1. Discrete Random Variable - a random
variable whose possible values form a finite
or
countable set of numbers.
Examples: the number of students in a
class, the year when a certain student was
born,
etc.
Two Types of Random Variable:
2. Continuous Random Variable – a
random variable that can assume infinite
number of values in one or more
intervals.
Examples: the amount of sugar in an
orange, the time required to run a mile,
etc.
Statistics and Probability

A random variable is a
numerical quantity that is
assigned to the outcome of
an experiment. It is a
variable whose values are
determined by chance.
Statistics and Probability

A discrete random
variable, it can take
on a finite of distinct
values.
Statistics and Probability

A continuous random
variable, that take infinitely
uncountable number of
possible values, typically
measurable quantities.
Statistics and Probability

Continuous random variable is a


random variable where values
are
on a continuous scale, where the
data can take infinitely many
values such as temperature,
weights and heights.
RANDOM VARIABLES CLASSIFICATION

The number of male athletes discrete

Time spent in eating breakfast continuous

Amount of sugar in a cup of milk continuous


The number of deaths infected by
covid in Philippines in the month discrete
of June

The number of siblings you have discrete

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