Sustainable Concrete for

Sustainable Infrastructure
Online General Lecture
Sit-In Program between Pancasakti Tegal University, Indonesia
and High Institute of Engineering and Technology – Al-Obour
Egypt
July 20, 2022

Dr. Rr. M. I. Retno Susilorini, ST., MT.

Department of Civil Engineering

Faculty of Engineering and Computer Sciences
Pancasakti Tegal University
Indonesia
 Structure of Lecture
1. Introduction
2. Sustainability of Concrete
3. The Development of Concrete
4. Toward Sustainable Concrete
5. Conclusion

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 01.
Introduction

3
 “
"Civil engineering is the profession
in which a knowledge of the
mathematical and physical sciences
gained by study, experience, and
practice is applied with judgment to
develop ways to utilize,
economically, the materials and
forces of nature for the progressive
well-being of humanity in creating,
improving, and protecting the
environment, in providing facilities
for community living, industry and
transportation, and in providing
structures for the use of humanity."
4 American Society of Civil Engineers,
 Background
⬗ Buildings have been existed
since the human being lived in
the world
⬗ People needs to build a house
for shelter
⬗ People needs infrastructure for
living
⬗ Concrete is the most popular
building’s materials used in the
5 world
 Why
Concrete ?
?
Concrete is water-
proof, easy to made,
to cast, and the
ingredients of
concrete are easy to
find
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02.
Sustainability of
Concrete
Sustainability
⬗ In 1987, the
United Nations Brundtland Comm
ission
defined sustainability as
“meeting the needs of the
present without compromising
the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs.”
⬗ Today, there are almost 140
developing countries in the world
seeking ways of meeting their
development needs, but with the
increasing threat of climate
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9
GOAL 9: Industry, innovation and
infrastructure
⬗ Constructing new ⬗ Build resilient infrastructure,
greener infrastructures, promote inclusive and
retrofitting or sustainable industrialization
reconfiguring existing and foster innovation
infrastructure systems
and exploiting the
potential of smart
technologies can greatly
contribute to the
reduction of
environmental impacts
and disaster risks as
well as the construction
10 of resilience and the
 Sustainable Infrastructure
Sustainable infrastructure systems are those
that are planned, designed, constructed,
operated and decommissioned in a manner
that ensures economic and financial, social,
environmental (including climate resilience),
and institutional sustainability over the
entire infrastructure life cycle. Sustainable
infrastructure can include built
infrastructure, natural infrastructure or
hybrid infrastructure that contains elements
of both.
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Sustainable Concrete
⬗ A sustainable concrete structure is constructed to ensure
that the total environmental impact during its life cycle,
including its use, will be minimal.
⬗ Sustainable concrete should have a very low inherent
energy requirement, be produced with little waste, be
made from some of the most plentiful resources on earth,
produce durable structures, have a very high thermal
mass, and be made with recycled materials.
⬗ Sustainable constructions have a small impact on the
environment.
⬗ They use “green” materials, which have low energy costs,
high durability, low maintenance requirements, and contain
a large proportion of recycled or recyclable materials.
Green materials also use less energy and resources and
can lead to high-performance cements and concrete.
⬗ Concrete must keep evolving to satisfy the increasing
12 https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0680(2008)13:2(98)
03.
The Development
of Concrete
 Hammurabi Code of
Law
1780 BC
“If a building falss down causing the
death of the owner or his son,
whichever may be the case, the
builder or his son will be put to
death. If the slave of the home
owner dies, he shall be given a slave
of the same value. If other
possessions are destroyed, these
shall be restored, and the damaged
parts of the home shall be
reconstructed”
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Definition of Concrete
⬗ Concrete is a construction material
composed of cement, fine aggregates (sand)
and coarse aggregates mixed with water
which hardens with time. Portland cement is
the commonly used type of cement for
production of concrete.
⬗ Concrete is a composite with properties that
change with time. During service, the quality
of concrete provided by initial curing can be
improved by subsequent wetting as in the
cases of foundations or water retaining
structures. However, concrete can also
deteriorate with time due to physical and
chemical attacks. Structures are often
15 removed when they become unsafe or
Timeline of Concrete History

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Development of Concrete
⬗ People applied concrete to their building since
ancient century (i.e. 3000 BC in Egypt)
⬗ In ancient period, concrete has known as bitumen
(asphalt),which were used as binder (800 SM,
Assyrian dan Babilonian, in Ur, Messopotamia)
⬗ During Ancient Roman period, bitumen had been
lightly replaced by chalk, and cement
⬗ Concrete materials development in Ancient Roman
period merely aimed to increase its durability,
especially to get “water-proof” product
⬗ In 20 century, concrete has developed to become
stronger by the invention of reinforced concrete,
and the modern era of concrete had just begun

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04.
Toward Sustainable
Concrete

Liu and Chern,

https://slideplayer.com/slide/4576784/

Susilorini, 2012-2020
 Challenge to
Concrete Industry
⬗ Population will continue to
increase
⬗ Infrastructure needs will always
grow
⬗ Natural resources and non-
renewal energy are becoming
scarce
⬗ “Greenhouse” gas emission
reduction to adapt to climate
change and global warming
Liu and Chern, https://slideplayer.com/slide/4576784/
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 the
Challenge
We need to adopt
sustainable concrete
technologies to meet the
infrastructure needs, to save
energy, to reduce CO2
emissions, and to protect
environment

Liu and Chern, https://slideplayer.com/slide/4576784/

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How to Achieve
Sustainable Concrete
??
1. Reduce environmental impacts of cement
production
2. Greater use of supplementary cementing
materials
3. Recycle and reuse of concrete
4. Enhancement of service life of concrete
structures
5. Research and use of emerging technologies
Liu and Chern, https://slideplayer.com/slide/4576784/
Existing
Infrastructure
Condition

Significant parts of the

world infrastructure are
aging and deteriorating

Liu and Chern, https://slideplayer.com/slide/4576784/

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Deterioration of Concrete
Structures Causes
⬗ Poor-quality concrete will
deteriorate prematurely and will
require costly repairs and waste of
natural resources and energy
⬗ Electro-chemical
⬗ Corrosion of embedded metals
⬗ Physical
⬗ Freezing and thawing
⬗ Erosion
⬗ Shrinkage
⬗ Thermal stresses
⬗ Chemical
⬗ Acid attack
⬗ Sulfate attack
⬗ ASR

Liu and Chern, https://slideplayer.com/slide/4576784/

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 Durable Concrete
Structures
⬗ Large savings in natural resources and
energy can result if the concrete structures
are much more durable
⬗ Extending service life of the existing
infrastructure instead of removal and rebuild
requires less natural resources and energy
⬗ Use life-cycle cost approach by seeking
better and durable concrete structures rather
than lower initial cost

Liu and Chern, https://slideplayer.com/slide/4576784/

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 Research and Use of
Emerging Technologies
⬗ Emerging technologies that have the
potential to significantly contribute to
sustainable concrete industry
⬗ Repair and Rehabilitation technology
⬗ Ultra-high strength concrete
⬗ Nanotechnology
⬗ Innovation of local and green concrete
materials also contributed to sustainable
concrete Liu and Chern, https://slideplayer.com/slide/4576784/

Susilorini, 2012-2020

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 Repair, Reftrofitting, and
Rehabilitation
Technologies
⬗ Evaluation Tools and Modeling Technologies
⬗ New and improved NDT
⬗ High tech long-term health monitoring systems
⬗ Performance-based durability design
⬗ New Repair Materials and Systems
⬗ Durability of repair systems
⬗ Smart materials and systems
⬗ Field Process Technologies
⬗ Improved Management Systems for Existing
Infrastructure

Liu and Chern, https://slideplayer.com/slide/4576784/

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 Ultra High Strength
Concrete
⬗ Unique combination of properties
⬗ Superior strengths
⬗ Good ductility
⬗ Good durability
⬗ Lighter and durability structures
⬗ Requiring less raw materials
⬗ Requiring less energy
⬗ Generating fewer CO2 emissions

Liu and Chern, https://slideplayer.com/slide/4576784/

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Nano-Concrete
⬗ Nano-catalysts to reduce clinkering
temperature in cement production
⬗ Silicon dioxide nano-particles
(nanosilica) for ultra-high strength
concrete
⬗ Incorporation of carbon nano-tubes
into cement matrix would result in
stronger, ductile, more energy
absorbing concrete
⬗ Eco-binders (MgO, geopolymers, etc)
modified by nano-particles with
substantially reduced volume of
portland cement https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/
3439934426?profile=original

Liu and Chern, https://slideplayer.com/slide/4576784/

 Natural Materials Based Concrete
Innovation (Patent)
⬗ Concrete Admixture, Patent ID.
No. P0032950 (Granted)
⬗ Natural Modified Concrete, Paten
Registered ID No.
P00201703689

Susilorini, 2012-2020

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 What to Do Next??

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05.
Conclusions
1. Implement sustainable concrete technology to
meet the infrastructure needs and protect the
environment
2. Use more supplementary cementing materials
3. Recycle and reuse of concrete
4. Use life-cycle cost approach to seek better and
durable concrete structures
5. Research and use of emerging technologies
(e.g., repair and rehabilitation technology to
extend service life of infrastructure)
 Thanks You
Very Much
Any questions?
You can find me at:
⬗ [email protected]
⬗ [email protected]

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