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Lecture 08 (Problems on Liquid Diffusion & Diffusivity Prediction)

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42 views13 pages

Lecture 08 (Problems on Liquid Diffusion & Diffusivity Prediction)

Uploaded by

Keerthana D S
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT I: Introduction to Mass Transfer Operations

Introduction to mass transfer and classification

Methods of mass transfer operations

Diffusional mass transfer – Fick’s law

Molecular diffusion in gases, liquids and solids

Diffusivity and its prediction


Problem 5
Calculate the rate of diffusion of sugar in kg/m2s through a film of coffee 1
mm thick when the concentrations are 15% (weight) and 5% (weight)
respectively, on either side of the film. Assume that the diffusivity of sugar
through the coffee film under the given conditions to be 7 x 10 -10 m2/s and the
density of 10% solution to be 1013 kg/m3. Assume the properties of coffee to
be the same as that of water. Molecular weight of sugar is 342.
Solution to Problem 5
Sugar (A)-Water (B)

The molar flux is given as:

The average concentration of the 10% solution is evaluated as

Where, is the average concentration of the 10% solution which is


approximately equal to the density of the 10% solution = 1013 kg/m 3

is the average molecular weight of the 10% solution given by:

Therefore,
Solution to Problem 5
The concentration of sugar in mole fractions at the two points are:

Therefore, the rate of diffusion is:

Therefore, in kg/m2s is given as:

s
Problem 6
The diffusivity of chloroform in air at 298 K and 101.3 kPa is reported as 9.5
x 10-6 m2/s. Evaluate the diffusivity by the following methods and compare it
with experimental value.
(a) Hirschfelder equation
(b) Wilke-Lee equation
(c) Chapman-Enskog equation
Solution to Problem 6
Hirschfelder-Bird-Spotz equation is given as:

Component A= Chloroform; Component B= Air

T= 298K, P = 101.3 kPa, MA = 119.35, MB = 29

The Lennard-Jones parameters are obtained from Table (2.1).

For chloroform, σA = 0.543 nm; εA/κ = 327 K;


For air, σB = 0.3617 nm; εB/κ = 97 K
Solution to Problem 6

or

Corresponding to ΩD value is read from Table (2.2).

ΩD=1.1470. (This is obtained by linear interpolation between and for which


ΩD values are 1.153 and 1.140.)

Substituting the values in the Hirschfelder-Bird-Spotz equation:

m2/s
Solution to Problem 6
Wilke-Lee equation:

m2/s

Chapman-Enskog equation:

m2/s
Problem 7
Use the Wilke-Chang equation to estimate the diffusivity of aniline (A) in
aqueous solution at 293 K. Compare the result with the experimental value
of 9.2 x 10-10 m2/s. The viscosity of water at 293 K is 1.01 cP and the molar
volume of liquid aniline at its normal boiling point of 457.6 K is 0.107
m3/kmol.
Solution to Problem 7
The Wilke-Chang equation for diffusivity of liquids is

For water, the association parameter ΦB = 2.6

MB, Molecular weight of water = 18

T= 293 K, μB= 1.01 ×10-3 kg/m s

vAis the molal volume of aniline at the normal boiling point = 0.107 m 3/kmol

Therefore, m2/s
Problem 8
Calculate the diffusivity of mannitol (C6H14O6) in dilute solution in water at
293 K. Viscosity of the solution is 1.00 cP. Use Wilke-Chang equation.
Solution to Problem 8
The Wilke-Chang equation for diffusivity of liquids is

For water, the association parameter ΦB = 2.6

MB, Molecular weight of water = 18

T = 293 K, μB = 1.01 ×10-3 kg/m s

is the molal volume of Mannitol at the normal boiling point:


C6H14O6

m3/kmol

Therefore, m2/s
Thank you

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