FOOTSTEP

POWER-
GENERATION
Presented by:

Sri Harshitha J-22011102030

Kapil Raisoni.A 22011102040
Kishore Chakraborty 22011102042
LINK TO REPORT:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Gu7gDyfi0CS
uCFAKmsY0rYAqAjoqMxCp/edit?
usp=sharing&ouid=114738071584988526158&rtpo
COMPONENTS USED
Piezo-electronic sensor
Arduino Board
Wires
Display
Breadboard
Battery
10uf capacitor
Resistors
1N4007 diodes
BC547 Transistor
Soldering
DIAGRAM
INTRODUCTION
The Footstep Power Generation, here we proposed a power generation
technique through piezo sensors. This venture portrays the utilization of
piezoelectric materials keeping in mind the end goal to collect vitality from
individuals strolling vibration for producing and amassing the vitality. The
essential working standard is based on piezo electric sensors. At the point
when the ground surface is designed with piezo electric innovation, the
electrical vitality created by the weight is caught by floor sensors and
changed over to an electrical charge by piezo-electric transducer. These
sensors are put such that it creates greatest yield voltage.
 WORKING OF PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR
A piezoelectric sensor works by converting mechanical energy, like pressure or vibration, into an
electrical signal through the piezoelectric effect. This effect occurs in certain materials, such as
quartz, ceramics, and some polymers, which generate an electrical charge when subjected to
mechanical stress. Here's a breakdown of how these sensors operate:
1. Piezoelectric Effect
•The piezoelectric effect occurs when a material generates an electric charge due to applied
mechanical stress. In piezoelectric materials, atomic structure alignment changes slightly under
pressure, causing a shift in charge within the material. This leads to a voltage across its surface.
•The charge generated is proportional to the amount of mechanical force applied, meaning higher
pressure leads to a stronger electrical signal.
2. Sensor Components
•A piezoelectric sensor typically includes:
• Piezoelectric material (like quartz or piezoelectric ceramics) that generates the charge.
• Electrodes on both sides of the material to capture the electric charge.
• Encasement or housing to protect the sensor from environmental damage and focus the pressure or
force onto the material.
3. Working Principle
•When a force (such as pressure, acceleration, or vibration) is applied to the sensor, the
piezoelectric material undergoes a mechanical deformation.
•This deformation generates an electrical charge that is proportional to the applied force.
•The generated electrical signal is very small and often needs amplification, so it’s usually
sent through a charge amplifier or conditioning circuit.
•This amplified signal can then be processed by a monitoring system to interpret the force,
vibration, or pressure applied.
4. Signal Processing
•Because piezoelectric sensors produce AC signals, they are ideal for dynamic
measurements rather than static measurements. They are commonly used for measuring
changes, such as vibrations or shocks, but less effective for sustained forces because the
charge will eventually dissipate.
•The output signal can be further analyzed for frequency, amplitude, or waveform to
understand the characteristics of the applied force or vibration.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
When a person steps on the piezoelectric sensor embedded in a surface (such
as a floor tile), they apply a mechanical force on the sensor. This force, which
can vary based on the person's weight and step, creates pressure on the
piezoelectric material.

The piezoelectric effect occurs when mechanical stress or pressure is applied to

certain materials (like quartz or piezoelectric ceramics), causing them to
produce an electric charge.

The force from the footstep deforms the piezoelectric material within the sensor.
This deformation shifts the atomic structure slightly, generating a small
electrical charge across the surface of the material.
WORKING MODEL
WORKING MODEL
 Renewable and Eco-friendly: Footstep power
generation utilizes human movement, a renewable
energy source, making it an environmentally
friendly solution.
Energy Harvesting in High Traffic Areas: In
places with heavy foot traffic, such as train stations,
shopping malls, and sidewalks, a significant amount
of energy can be generated over time.
Low Maintenance: Piezoelectric sensors generally
Advantages require minimal maintenance since they lack
moving parts, making them durable and cost-
effective in the long run.
Compact and Easy to Integrate: Piezoelectric
sensors are compact and can be integrated ino
floors or other surfaces without requiring extensive
modification, making installation relatively easy.
On-site Power Generation: The generated
energy can be used for local, low-power
applications like lighting or small electronic devices,
potentially reducing dependency on external power
sources.
 High Initial Cost: Piezoelectric materials and
installation of a footstep power generation system
can be costly, especially when integrating sensors
over large areas.

Low Power Output per Footstep: Each footstep

generates a small amount of energy, so significant
energy production requires a high volume of foot
traffic or a large number of sensors, limiting the
Disadvantages system's effectiveness for higher-power
applications.
Variable Output: The power generated depends
on the weight and movement of each individual.
Variability in steps means inconsistent power
output, making it less reliable for continuous power
needs.
Dependency on Foot Traffic: Energy production
stops without foot traffic, so it is not a consistent or
always-available power source.
Limitations

01 02 03 04
Unsuitable for High- Energy Loss in Storage Limited Lifetime of Dependency on
Power Applications: and Conversion: Some Piezoelectric Materials: Environmental Factors:
Footstep power generation energy is lost during Although durable, Changes in environmental
is not ideal for high-energy conversion (AC to DC) and piezoelectric materials can conditions, like extreme
applications, such as storage, reducing overall degrade over time, temperatures, can impact
powering machinery or efficiency. especially if subjected to the performance of
large electronic systems, continuous high pressure, piezoelectric materials,
due to its low energy leading to a gradual potentially reducing
output. decline in energy efficiency.
production.
FOOTSTEP VS
SOLAR

Conclusion
•Footstep Power Generation is ideal
for specific, low-power applications in
high-traffic areas where space is limited
and small-scale power is required.
•Solar Power Generation is a more
versatile and scalable solution, suitable
for both small and large applications, and
can meet high energy demands. With
energy storage, it can provide a stable
and reliable power source for a wide
variety of needs.
CONCLUSION
The footstep power generation project using piezoelectric sensors offers an innovative and sustainable
way to harness human movement for energy production. By converting the mechanical pressure of
footsteps into electrical energy, this project provides a unique solution for generating renewable power
in high-traffic areas like train stations, shopping malls, and public pathways.

While the power output from each footstep is small, collectively, it can be useful for low-power
applications such as lighting, signage, or charging small devices. This method has the advantages of
being eco-friendly, space-efficient, and easy to integrate into existing infrastructure. However, due to
its reliance on foot traffic and limited power generation capacity, it is best suited as a supplementary
energy source rather than a primary one.

In conclusion, footstep power generation with piezoelectric sensors is a promising approach to promote
green energy in urban environments, offering a practical way to utilize everyday human activity for
small-scale power needs. This technology also raises awareness about renewable energy possibilities,
encouraging people to consider the impact of their movement and actions on sustainable energy
solutions.
REFERENCES

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/236410912.pdf

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8275890

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/236410912.pdf

https://www.pmu.edu.sa/attachments/academics/pdf/udp/coe/dept/ee/senior%2
0design%20projects/foot-step_generator_report.pdf

https://www.instructables.com/ADVANCED-FOOTSTEP-POWER-GENERATION-SYS
TEM/

https://www.ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.7Issue5/166-169.pdf
 Literature Survey
The concept of footstep power generation has gained attention as an innovative approach to
renewable energy, focusing on the potential of kinetic energy from human footsteps. The primary
technology behind this idea involves piezoelectric materials, which generate electrical energy
when subjected to mechanical stress. This section examines existing research, technologies, and
applications related to footstep power generation systems, emphasizing the role of piezoelectric
sensors, energy storage solutions, and possible uses in public infrastructure.
1. Piezoelectric Materials and Energy Harvesting
Piezoelectric materials, such as quartz and certain ceramics, exhibit the piezoelectric effect,
wherein they generate an electric charge in response to mechanical stress. Recent studies have
focused on improving the efficiency and durability of piezoelectric materials to maximize their
energy output. Research conducted by Prasad et al. (2020) outlines how piezoelectric systems can
be integrated into flooring materials in public spaces to harness energy from foot traffic. Their
experiments demonstrated the potential of piezoelectric sensors in generating low-power energy
suitable for small electronics Applications of Footstep Power Generation Systems Various studies
and pilot projects have highlighted the practical applications of footstep power generation
systems. In Japan, for instance, piezoelectric tiles have been installed in train stations to capture
energy from foot traffic, which is then used to power LED displays within the facility. Similarly, the
UK has implemented footstep power systems in select urban areas, contributing to energy
conservation efforts while enhancing public awareness of renewable energy sources. According to
Ling et al. (2021), these applications have shown that footstep power generation can supplement
energy demands in high-traffic areas .
 Literature Survey
3d Efficiency of Piezoelectric Systems
The design of an effective footstep power generation system requires a combination of
piezoelectric sensors, rectifiers, capacitors, and energy storage systems. Research by Singh and
Rao (2019) demonstrated that optimizing the arrangement of piezoelectric sensors can improve
the overall energy output of the system. Their findings suggest that a matrix arrangement, as
opposed to a series or parallel configuration, yields more consistent power generation across
varied footstep pressures. Furthermore, the use of capacitors to smooth out voltage fluctuations
and prevent energy loss is essential for the efficiency and stability of the system .
4. Challengtations
One of the main challenges in footstep power generation is the relatively low power output of
individual piezoelectric sensors. Studies have shown that while cumulative energy from multiple
footsteps can be significant, it is insufficient for high-power applications. Additionally, energy
storage and battery technology limitations affect the feasibility of scaling up these systems for
larger applications. Nair et al. (2020) investigated the cost-effectiveness of using piezoelectric
power generation in urban settings and concluded that while initial implementation costs are high,
long-term savings and environmental benefits justify the investment in suitable locations .
 Literature Survey
5. IoT Integration fo Monitoring
Integrating footstep power generation systems with IoT (Internet of Things) technology enables
real-time monitoring of energy output and performance. In recent years, wireless communication
modules, such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, have been incorporated into these systems to transmit data
on energy generation and sensor health to a central server. This feature allows for better
management and optimization of the system, especially in large-scale installations. According to
Zhao et al. (2022), IoT-enabled footstep power systems have proven effective in providing real-
time data analytics, which is essential for urban planners and energy managers .

6.Enhanced Energy Storage and Management: Exploring advanced battery technologies,

such as supercapacitors or lithium-ion batteries, could improve the efficiency and longevity of the
energy storage system. Integrating a smart energy management system could further optimize
the allocation of generated energy, allowing it to power larger devices or be used during peak
demand times.