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presentation by sidra

Uploaded by

Alrayyan Rashid
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Nano in .

,
Medicine and
Health care
,

Presented by: Sidra Arshad


S2014140024
MS Chemistry
School of Science
University of
Management
and Technology.
Nano technology

Nanoscience is the study of structures and materials


on the scale of nanometers.
A machine product and process involve imagining
,measuring, modeling matter at nano scale.
Nanotechnology in medicine involves applications
of nanoparticles
Nano-robots to make repairs at the cellular level
(sometimes referred to as nanomedicine).
we detect and treat damage to the human body .
Nanotechnology in Medicine Application:

Cell Repairing
Nanorobots could actually be programmed to repair
specific diseased cells, functioning in a similar way
to antibodies in our natural healing processes.
Sensor made up of carbon tube use to detect the
level of nitric oxide in blood stream.
--------------------------------------------------------------

 http://ec.europa.eu/research/industrial_technologies/nano-in-healthcare_en.html
Drug delivery

Loading of drugs on these nano


particles helps to
 Sustain delivery
 Targated delivery
 Reduce side effects
 Minimize toxicological
reactions
 Improved delivery of
water
Diabetic Retino pathways ( DR)

Type of diabetes mellitus ( cronic disease body


unable to produce insuline).
Vision loss, blindness , decrease life quality of
patients .
Diabetic retinopathy is the result of damage to the
small blood vessels and neurons of the retina which
is light senstive tissue located back of the eye.

 An overaccumulation of glucose damages the tiny


blood vessels in retina.
Antioxidants used in nano- and microencapsulation:
Resveratrol
 Free radical scavenging
Vitamin C
 Free radical scavenging
 Stimulates the inhibition of retinal GSH reductase
and SOD activities
Curcumin
 Reduction of retinal oxidative stress
Vitamin E
 Prevention of lipid peroxidation
a-Lipoic acid
 Inhibition of cell apoptosis
 Reduction of retinal oxidative stress
Nano particles in drug delivery

Liposomes
Dendrima

Cationic nano emulsion

Poly meric nano particles

Joana F. Fangueiro Amélia M. Silva , Maria L. Garcia ,Eliana B. Souto Current nanotechnology approaches for the treatment and
management of diabetic retinopathyEuropean Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2014,16
Nano technology in cancer
treatment

Cancer is a diseases involving abnormal cell


growth with the potential to invade or spread to other
parts of the body.

 Nano technology applications Destroying tumor


with minimal damage of healthy tissues
 Detection of cancer cell before they form tumor.
.
Methods to detect cancer :
, Cancer therapy

Conventional Modern
method method

Surgery Gene therapy

Hormone
chemotherapy Hyperthermia
Therapy
Cancer treatment under discusstion…
Following treatments is under discussion to
reducing tumor size
Tumor-killing agent (TNF) :
TNF is attached to a gold nanoparticle along with Thiol-
derivatized polyethylene glycol (PEG-THIOL), which hides the
TNF bearing nanoparticle from the immune system.
This allows the nanoparticle to flow through the blood stream
without being attacked.
Hydrogel chemiotherapy :
The hydrogel is injected under the skin for drug delivery
allowing continuous drug release for weeks The study showed
significant reduction in tumor size .
.

 Nano diamonds : to treat brain tumors


Iron oxide: heat up cancer cell to stimulate imune
system against cancer.
Bismith nano particles: based on radiation
chemotherapy
Nano biomegnents : megnetically responsive to
treat cancer.
By applying heat: Infrared light is absorbed by
Auro shell from a laser turning the light into heat.
Diagrammatically…
AIDS (acquired immune deficiency
syndrome)
 Aids is caused by a virus ( HIV) Human immuno deficiency
virus. Nearly 7400 new infection cases are coming every
day.
 In start Influnza like illness
 Tuberculosis and tumor
 Weight loss

Causes:
Blood transfusion , from mother to child during pregnancy ,
unprotected sex, breast feeding.
The basic concept is systamatic delivery:

 Drug absorption, distribution, and elimination


properties.
nanopharmaceuticals such as nanocrystals,
Nanocapsules, nanoparticles, solid lipid
nanoparticles, nanocarriers, micelles,
liposomes and dendrimers have been
investigated as potential anti-HIV therapies.
.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) HIV


most often enters the body via mucosal surfaces
and is transported by dendritic cells to lymphoid
organs, where it is then delivered to activated
CD4+ T cells.

---------------------------------------------------------------
T.K. Vyas, L. Shah, M.M. Amiji, Nanoparticulate drug carriers for delivery of HIV/AIDS
therapy to viral reservoir sites, Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 3 (2006) 613–628.
Nanometerial as theraputic agent:

The capsid of HIV could be a target for structure-


based drug design for inhibiting viral replication.
Various nanomaterials have been found to inhibit
viral replication in vitro and it is suggested that
these effects are based on structural interference
with viral assembly.
Various fullerene (C-60)-based structures,
dendrimers and inorganic nanoparticles, such as
gold and silver, have been shown to have anti-HIV
activity in vitro.
Conclusion:

 to prevent treat and monitor diseases.


 Provide the areas of diagnostics and testing drug discovery.
 Development and delivery, tissue engineering, medical instruments
and devices and surgical treatments.
 Wound dressings and antiseptic coating for surgical implements.

 There are considerable difficulties in assessing the health,


impact of nanotechnology because of uncertainties and
knowledge gaps

J Gardner Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Nanotechnology in medicine and
healthcare: Possibilities, progress and problemsNovember 2015,( 8).

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