CLASSIFICATION OF

WEEDS SUBMITTED BY – ANKANA

SUBMITTED TO – Dr. SHASHIDHAR SARKAR
K.S.
ROLL NO – 21230AGC005

3rd YEAR 1st SEMESTER

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 What is weed ?
 Weeds are unwanted and undesirable plant that interfere with
utilization of land and water resources and thus adversely affect crop
production and human welfare.

 Weeds are the plants, which grow where they are not wanted (Jethro
Tull, 1731)
 Weeds can also be referred to as plants out of place.

 Weeds compete with crops for water, soil nutrients, light and space
(ie CO2) and thus reduce crop yields.

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 They can be classified
CLASSIFICATION OF WEEDS
based on –

Phot
Ecol Plac Coty Nat
Life Soil osy
ogic e of ledo Mor ure Spe
Orig Soil nthe
spa al typ occu
in
n
pH tic
phol of cifici
n affini e rren num ogy ste ty
path
ties ce ber m
way

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 Based on life span
Annual
live Weeds
only for a season or
year and complete their life
Monsoon annual:
cycle in that season or year Winter annual:
Commelina benghalensis Chenopodium album
Biennials
Weeds
completes the
vegetative growth in the
first season, flower and
set seeds in the
succeeding season and
then die.
Daucus carota Alternanthera echinata
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 Perennials
Weeds

Simple Bulbous Corm perennials:

perennials: perennials: Timothy sp.
Sonchus Creeping
Allium sp.
arvensis
perennials

Rhizome: Stolon: Roots: Tubers:

Sorghum Cynodon Convolvulus Cyperus5
halapense dactylon arvensis rotundus
 Based on soil type (Edaphic)

Black cotton soil: Aristolochia Light, sandy or loamy soils: Leucas

bracteate aspera

Red soils: Commelina benghalensis Laterite soils: Lantana camara

 Based on place of occurrence

crop lands: Phalaris minor in waste places: Calotropis gigantea

wheat

pasture lands: Indigofera playgrounds, road-sides: 7

enneaphylla Tribulus terestris
 Based on ecological affinities

Wetland weeds : Eclipta alba Garden land weeds : Digera ar

Dry lands weeds : Argemone

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mexicana
 Based on
Origin
Indigenous weeds

Acalypha indica Abutilon indicum

Introduced or Exotic
weeds

Parthenium Phalaris minor

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hysterophorus
 Based on cotyledon number

Monocots

Panicum flavidum Echinochloa colona

Dicots

Crotalaria verucosa Indigofera viscosa10

 Based on soil pH

Acidophile – Rumex acetosella Basophile –Taraxacum

(Acid soil weeds) stricta
(Saline & alkaline soil
weeds)

Neutrophile – Acalypha indica

(Weeds of neutral soils) 11
Based on Morphology

Grasses:
Echinocloa(Poaceae)
Cynod
colonum
on
dactyl
on

Sedges:
Cyperu (Cyperaceae) Fimbryst
s ylis
rotund miliacea
us e

Broad leaved
weeds:
Flavaria (dicotyledon Digera
australa arvens
cica
weeds ) is 12
 Based on nature of stem
Woody
weeds Semi-woody Herbaceous
weeds weeds

Lantana
camara

Croton Amaranthus
sparsiflorus viridis

Prosopis juliflora 13
 Based on photosynthetic
pathway
C3 C4
Weeds Weeds
carry out C4 of carbon assimilation
carry out Calvin Cycle of although both C3 and C4 cycle taking
carbon assimilation where together where acceptor is PEP where
acceptor of CO2 is RuBP oxaloacetic acid is the first stable
enzyme and produce 3- PGA compound.

Avena fatua Chenopodium album Sorghum Amaranthus

halapense viridis

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 Based on specificity
Poisonous Parasitic
weeds weeds

Partial root parasite

Total root parasite Striga lutea on sugarcane and
Orabanche cernua on sorghum
Datura fastuosa Tobacco

Berries of Total stem parasite Partial stem parasite

Withania somnifera Cuscuta chinensis Loranthus longiflorus
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 Aquatic
weeds
Unwanted plants,
Submersed weeds: Emersed weeds:
Utricularia stellaris which grow in
Nelumbium speciosum
water and
complete at least
a part of their life
cycle in water

Marginal weeds: Floating weeds:

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Typha sp. Eichhornia crassipes
 Reproductive Structures
• Seed-producing Weeds: Reproduce primarily by seeds.
Examples: Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album),
Common Purslane (Portulaca oleracea), Palmer Amaranth
(Amaranthus palmeri).
• Vegetatively-propagated Weeds: Spread mainly through
vegetative structures like rhizomes, stolons, or bulbs. Examples:
Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), Canada Thistle (Cirsium
arvense), Johnson Grass (Sorghum halepense).

Chenopodium album Sorghum

halapense 17
 Ecological Impact
• Invasive Weeds: Non-native species that aggressively spread and
outcompete native vegetation. Examples: Kudzu (Pueraria
montana), Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica), Purple
Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria).
• Noxious Weeds: Weeds deemed harmful to agriculture,
ecosystems, or human health. Examples: Giant Hogweed
(Heracleum mantegazzianum), Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron
radicans), Tumbleweed (Salsola spp.).

Lythrum salicaria Toxicodendron

radicans
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 Nutritional Requirement
• Nitrophilous or Nitrogen-loving Weeds: Thrive in nitrogen-rich soil and
often indicate disturbed or fertile habitats. Examples: Pigweed (Amaranthus
spp.), Lamb's Quarters (Chenopodium album), Ragweed (Ambrosia spp.).
• Calcicole or Lime-loving Weeds: Prefer alkaline or calcareous soils.
Examples: Chickweed (Stellaria media), Plantain (Plantago spp.), White
Clover (Trifolium repens).

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THANK YOU…

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