Rayat Shikshan Sanstha’s

Veer Wajekar A.S.C. College,Phunde

Department of Physics

Prof. Ghorpade U. T.

Topic – “OPTICS-SPECTROMETER”
Simple Table Spectrometer
 Construction
• Main three parts:
• Telescope
• Collimator
• Prism table
• Telescope Setup:
• While looking through the telescope, slide the eyepiece in and out until the
cross-
• hairs come into sharp focus.
• Loosen the graticule lock ring, and rotate the graticule until one of the cross-
hairs
• is vertical. Retighten the lock ring and then refocus if necessary.
• Position the spectrometer so that the telescope can be pointing at some
distant
• object (e.g. building outside the window).
• View the distant object through the telescope and turn the focus knob until
the
• image is sharp. The telescope is now focussed for parallel light rays.
• 3. Position the mercury discharge lamp close to the slit at the end of the
collimator. Turn
• on the mercury discharge lamp.
• Figure 5: Align the Telescope directly opposite the Collimator.
• Collimator Setup:
• Check that the collimator slit is partially open (use the slit width
adjust screw).
• Align the telescope directly opposite the collimator as shown in
Figure 5.
• Looking through the telescope, adjust the focus of the collimator
and, if necessary, the rotation of the telescope until the slit comes
into sharp focus. DO NOT change the focus of the telescope.
• Adjust the slit width until the image of the slit as seen through the
telescope is sharply focused on the cross-wires. If the slit is not
vertical, loosen the slit lock ring, realign the slit, and retighten the
lock ring. The collimator is then set to produce parallel light from
the slit.
• Spectrometer Table Setup:
• Place the prism at the center of the spectrometer table so that one of
the refracting faces (say XY ) is approximately perpendicular to a line
joining two leveling screws 1 and 2 of the spectrometer table.
• Adjust the height of the spectrometer table until the collimator is
centered on the vertical dimension of the prism.
• Rotate the spectrometer table and telescope until a refracted slit
image is observed. If the image is not in the center of the eld of view,
the refracting edge of the prism is not parallel to the axis of rotation of
the telescope and the spectrometer table will need to be leveled.
• Rotate the spectrometer table and telescope so that a reected slit
image can be observed from face XY . Adjust leveling screw 2 until the
reected slit image is in the center of the eld of view.
• Rotate the spectrometer (but not the telescope) so that a reected slit
image can be observed from face Y Z. Adjust leveling screw 3 until the
reected slit image is in the center of the eld of view.
 Adjustments
• Focusing the spectrometer for parallel light.
• Setting of table.
• Schuster’s method.
 Angle of Prism
Measurement of the Prism Angle .
*Rotate the spectrometer table until the refracting edge of
the prism is approximately pointing towards the collimator as
in Figure 8. Light from the collimator will be reected from
both sides of the prism (ZX and ZY ).
*Rotate the telescope to one side to receive the light which is
reected from the face ZX of the prism. Carefully position the
telescope until the slit image is centered on the cross-wires.
Record the angular position of the telescope as 1 in Data
Table 1.
*Rotate the telescope around to receive light reected o the
other face ZY of the prism and record the angular position of
the telescope as 2 in Data Table 1.
*Rotate the spectrometer table slightly by a few degrees.
*Repeat the above steps
*FOUR more times to have a total of FIVE trials in estimating
the prism angle .
 Angle of minimum Deviation
• Place the prism on a prism table in such a way that
light falls on one of the reflecting side of a prism.
• The image of slit after refraction through the prism is
observed through the telescope.
• Adjust the telescope such that image is stable even
though prism table is moved continuously in the same
direction.
• Adjust the cross wire of the telescope on the stable
image.
• Record the spectrometer first reading at this
position.
• Now remove the prism from the prism table and
observe the direct image of the slit through the
telescope and record the second reading.
• Difference of first & second reading gives the angle
of minimum deviation δm.
• Knowing α, δm, one can obtain R.I. of prism using
equation,
• μ=(sin(α + δm/2))/sin(α/2)
• Note: To read the angle, first find where the zero point of the
vernier scale aligns with the degree plate and record the value. In
Figure 7, the zero point on the vernier scale is between the 155˚
and 155˚30’marks on the degree plate, so the recorded value is
155˚. Now find the line on the vernier scale that aligns most closely
with any line on the degree scale. In the figure, this is the line
corresponding to a measurement of 15 minutes of arc. Add this
value to the reading recorded above to get the correct
measurement, i.e., 155˚ + 15’ = 155˚ 15’.