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Lecture 3a Lti Fir Iir and Conv (1)

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5 views

Lecture 3a Lti Fir Iir and Conv (1)

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arianekatedogillo5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIFFERENCE

EQUATIONS
FOR FIR AND
IIR ,
CONVOLUTION
LINEAR TIME-INVARIANT
SYSTEMS
LINEAR TIME-INVARIANT SYSTEM
• Two most important attributes of systems are linearity
and time-invariance.

• Convolution
• Differential and difference equations
Response of a Continuous-Time LTI
System and the Convolution Integral
A. Impulse Response
• The impulse response h(t) of a continuous-time LTI
system (represented by T) is defined to be the response
of the system when the input is δ(t), that is,
B. Response to an Arbitrary Input
• Under unit impulse function any continuous signal the
input x( t) can be expressed as

Since the system is linear, the response y(t) of


the system to an arbitrary input x(t) can be
expressed as
Equation (2.5) indicates that a continuous-time LTI
system is completely characterized by its impulse
response h(t).
C. Convolution Integral:
Convolution,- a mathematical operation where each value in the output is
expressed as the sum of values in the input multiplied by a set of weighing
coefficients.
• Equation (2.5) defines the convolution of two continuous-time
signals x(t) and h(t) denoted by

the convolution integral.


Thus, we have the fundamental result that the output of
any continuous-time LTI system is the convolution of the
input x(t) with the impulse response h(t) of the system.
Applying the commutative property (2.7) of convolution to Eq. (2.6),

convolution to Eq.
(2.6),

we
obtain
The step response s(t) of a continuous-time LTI
system (represented by T) is defined to be the
response of the system when the input is u(t);
that is,

In many applications, the step response s(t) is also


a useful characterization of the system. The step
response s(t) can be easily determined by Eq.
(2.10); that is,
Thus, the step response s(t) can be obtained by
integrating the impulse response h(t).
Differentiating Eq. (2.12) with respect to t, we get

Thus, the impulse response h(t) can be determined by


differentiating the step response s(t).
PROPERTIES OF CONTINUOUS-TIME LTI
SYSTEMS
A. Systems with or without Memory:
• Since the output y(t) of a memoryless system depends
on only the present input x(t), then, if the system is also
linear and time-invariant, this relationship can only be
of the form

• where K is a (gain) constant. Thus, the corresponding


impulse response h(t) is simply
B. Causality:
• As discussed ,a causal system does not respond to an input
event until that event actually occurs. Therefore, for a
causal continuous-time LTI system, we have

• Applying the causality condition (2.16) to Eq. (2.10), the


output of a causal continuous-time LTI system is expressed
as
Alternatively, applying the causality condition (2.16) to Eq.
(2.6), we have
and is called anticausal if
C. Stability
• The BIBO (bounded-input/bounded-output) stability of
an LTI system is readily ascertained from its impulse
response.
Eigenfunctions of Continuous-Time
LTI Systems
• we saw that the eigenfunctions of continuous-time LTI
systems represented by T are the

wher
e
Sample Problems
1. Verify Eqs. (2.7) and (2.8); that is,
1. Verify Eqs. (2.7) and (2.8); that is from:
2.
SeatWor
k
• 1

•
• Hint:

• 2.
Answers to SW
No. 2

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