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Statistical Process Control

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Statistical Process Control

Uploaded by

pingili.roshnireddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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Statistical Process Control

Total Quality Management

 The TQM philosophy stresses a systematic,


integrated continuous improvement of systems to
produce products and services, which results in
customer loyalty now and in the future.
 Total : everyone associated with the company is
involved in continuous improvement
 Quality : customer’s expressed and implied
requirements are met fully
 Management : executives are fully committed
Quality planning

Quality triology

Quality control Quality improvement


Quality planning

 Determine the customer’s need.


 Develop product features which respond to
customers needs.
 Develop the processes which are able to
produce those product features
 Transfer the resulting plans to the operating
forces
Quality Control

 Evaluating actual operating performance


 Comparing actual performance to goals
 Act on the difference
Quality improvement

 Develop a process, which is able to produce


the product
 Transfer the process to operations
Statistical Quality Control

 Itis a technique through which we measure


actual performance, compare it with
standard, and act on the difference.
 The establishment or improvement of
inspection standards, with the preparation of
definite instruction for each inspection
procedures.
Statistical Quality Control

 The periodic evaluation of departmental


performance in quality terms
 The evaluation of different suppliers quality
performance in terms of average
 The establishment of effective process
inspection where none has previously
existed.
Statistical quality control involves

 Sampling plans
 Diagnostic tools
 Statistical process control and other
statistical techniques.
Statistical Sampling or Acceptable
Sampling

 The use of sampling inspection by a purchaser to


decide whether or not to accept the shipment of
product is known as acceptance sampling
 Acceptance sampling is a major component of
quality control in this inspection is performed on a
shipment or lot of incoming materials.
 Samples are taken from the shipment and certain
quality characteristics of the units are inspected.
After the inspection, a decision is made concerning
the shipment. Usually the decision is either to accept
or reject the lot.
Statistical Process Control

 Isa method of monitoring, controlling and


ideally improving a process through
statistical analysis. It is the application of
statistical technique for measuring and
analyzing the variation in processes.
SPC fours basic steps include

 Measuring the process


 Eliminating variances in the process to make
it consistent
 Monitoring the process
 And improving the process to its best target
value
History and evolution of SPC

 Developed by Dr.Walter A Shewart of bell


technology in the second half of 1920s.
 His book “economic control of quality
manufactured product” analyzed many
different process.
 He developed a method called a control
chart, of monitoring each process.
Tools of data collection and analysis:

 Check sheet
 Histogram
 Control chart
 Pareto chart
 Cause and effect diagram
 Flow chart
 Scatter diagram
Two major causes of variation

 Common causes (random variations) : result from


natural factors in the process and occur at random.
 Special causes (assignable variation) : are unusual,
sporadic events that causes unwanted variation but
are not inherent in the process itself.
 SPC is an approach for understanding variation in
production systems and for using the knowledge
gained to eliminate special causes and reduces
common causes of variation.
Data type

 ATTRIBUTE: is a quality characteristics that


is either present or absent. It assumes sum
of 2 values conforming or not conforming,
within tolerance or out of tolerance complete
or incomplete, satisfied or not satisfied.
 VARIABLES: are appraised in terms of
measurable values on continuous scale.
Example: length, weight or time.
Four major types of attribute control
charts

 The c-chart for the no. of defects


 The u-chart for the no. of defects per unit
 The p-chart for the proportion of defectives
 The np-chart for the no. of defectives
The c chart

 Used to monitor defects per unit when the sampling


unit is constant
 25 to 30 samples initially n compute the no. of
defects per unit
 Calculate the average no. of defects per unit c – bar
 Calculate the standard deviation as square root of c-
bar
 Control limits which is UCL and LCL
The u chart

 For the purpose of using a u chart, each


sample may have a different size.
 The average no. of defects per unit is
calculated
The p chart

 Itmeasures the proportion of defective


 Each part or product being inspected is
recorded as either acceptable or not
acceptable.
 The results of these inspections are grouped
as one sample, and the defectives are
expressed as a decimal fraction of the
sample size.
 https://asq.org/quality-resources/statistical-
process-control
Thank you

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