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UNIT_1_WEB_IT

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© © All Rights Reserved
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INTRODUCTION TO

WEB TECHNOLOGY
Learning Unit : 1 1
DEFINITION AND HISTORY
The Internet is a network of computers, which links
many different types of computers all over the world
The Internet has its root in the ARPANET system of the
Advanced Research Project Agency of the U.S.
Department of Defense
ARPANET was the first WAN and had only four sites in
1969
The Internet evolved from basic ideas of ARPANET
for interconnecting computers

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DEFINITION AND HISTORY
In 1989, the U.S. Government lifted restrictions on the
use of the Internet, and allowed its usage for commercial
purposes as well
It now interconnects millions of computers countries
around the world to communicate with each other

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INTERNET
 The internet is a global network of
interconnected computers and devices that
communicate with each other using
standardized protocols. It allows for the
exchange of data and information across the
world and provides access to various services
such as the World Wide Web (websites),
email, file sharing, online gaming, and much
more. The internet enables communication
and information sharing across vast distances,
connecting individuals, organizations, and
systems in real-time.
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WORLD WIDE
WEB(WWW)
The World Wide Web (abbreviated as the web or
WWW) is one of the most popular services available
on Internet. It is a subset of the Internet, and it
presents text, images, animation, video, sound and
other multimedia in a single interface.
The web is a part of the Internet, and it refers to a
system of Internet servers that supports hypertext
using a specific Internet protocol called HTTP on a
single interface (web browsers).
Since the WWW is a subset of the Internet, it stands
to reason that the web could not exist without the
Internet. 5
INTRANET
 The term Intranet is derived from two words: ‘Intra’ which
means within and ‘net’ which means group of
interconnected computers.
 It is a private computer network that uses Internet
protocols and network connectivity to securely share any
part of an organizations information or operational
systems with its employees.
 In short, an intranet is private network,

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TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
OF INTRANET
 The architecture of Intranet can be conceived as an
integration of the four basic elements – corporate
information services, web server, communication links
and Intranet users.

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WEBPAGE AND HTML
 Hypertext markup language (HTML) is the major markup
language used to display Web pages on the Internet.
 In other words, Web pages are composed of HTML, which
is used to display text, images or other resources through
a Web browser.
 All HTML is plain text, meaning it does not need language
translator and may be read by humans.
 The file extension for an HTML file is .htm or .html.

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WEBPAGE AND HTML
 HTML elements are represented by tags
 HTML tags label pieces of content such as "heading", "paragraph",
"table", and so on

 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>
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STATIC WEB PAGE
 static web page is a type of web page
that is delivered to the user exactly as
stored, without any dynamic content or
interactivity that changes based on
user input or other factors. The content
of a static web page remains constant
every time it is loaded unless the page
is manually updated by a developer.
 EG. Simple personal website

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DYNAMIC WEBPAGE

 A dynamic webpage is a web page that can change or


update its content in response to user interactions, time,
or other factors. Unlike static web pages, which always
display the same content, dynamic web pages generate
content on the fly based on input, database queries, or
user behaviour.
 Eg: Daraz.com

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WEB CLIENTS
 A web client is any device or software that accesses a
web service or resource over the internet. It acts as the
requester or user of web applications and content
provided by a web server. The term "web client" is most
commonly used to refer to web browsers, but it can also
apply to other types of software or devices that interact
with web resources.
 E.g. Chrome, Firefox

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WEB SERVERS
 web server is a system (either hardware or software)
that stores, processes, and serves content to users over
the internet or an intranet. It handles incoming requests
from web clients (such as browsers or mobile apps) and
delivers resources like web pages, images, videos, and
other types of content.
 E.G. Apache , google, tomcat,etc

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CLIENT-SERVER
ARCHITECTURE
 Client-server architecture is a model for designing
applications and systems where tasks or services are
divided between providers (servers) and requesters
(clients). It is a distributed system architecture in which
the client and the server interact over a network,
typically the internet or an internal network (intranet), to
provide services or resources.

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TYPES OF CLIENT-SERVER
ARCHITECTURE:
1. One-Tier Architecture (Single-tier):
In this model, both the client and server roles are on the
same system, often used for simple applications. Example:
A local application running on a desktop where the data
and logic are in the same place.

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2. Two-Tier Architecture (Client-Server):

The client communicates directly


with the server. The server
typically handles data storage
(e.g., database servers) and
processing (e.g., web
servers).Example: A web
application where the browser
(client) interacts with a web
server (server) to access data or
services.
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MULTI-TIER (N-TIER)
ARCHITECTURE:
 A more complex variation of the three-
tier architecture where additional layers
may be introduced, such as separate
servers for caching, security, or load
balancing. Example: A large-scale
application might have separate servers
for front-end (presentation layer), back-
end (logic layer), and database (data
layer), along with load balancers and
caching systems.
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HTTP
 It is a protocol used for transferring data over the
internet, primarily between web servers and web clients
(such as browsers). HTTP is the foundation of data
communication on the World Wide Web and is used to
request and deliver web pages, images, videos, and
other types of content.

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REQUEST-RESPONSE
MODEL:
• HTTP follows a simple request-
response model:
• Request: The client sends an HTTP
request (usually via a browser or app)
to the server, asking for a resource.
• Response: The server processes the
request and returns an HTTP
response, which includes the
requested resource or an error
message.
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URL
 Uniform Resource Locator is the address
used to access resources on the internet,
such as web pages, images, videos, and
other files. It provides the necessary
information for browsers or other clients to
retrieve a specific resource from a server
over the internet.
 Eg.
https://bestexamhelp.com/exam/cambridge-
international-a-level/computer-science-
9618/2023/summer.php
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CLIENT SIDE SCRIPTING
 It refers to scripts that are executed on
the client-side, typically in a web
browser, as opposed to the server-side
where scripts are executed on the web
server. These scripts are responsible for
handling user interactions,
manipulating the DOM (Document
Object Model), and performing tasks
without needing to communicate with
the server repeatedly.
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SERVER SIDE SCRIPTING
 It refers to the process where scripts are executed on the
web server rather than on the client (user’s browser).
These scripts are responsible for generating dynamic web
content by interacting with databases, processing form
data, and handling authentication or other server-side
operations. After executing the script, the server sends
the results back to the client

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WEB
1. WEB 1.0
2. WEB 2.0
3. WEB 3.0

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