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Lec # 21 PHP - IV

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3 views20 pages

Lec # 21 PHP - IV

Uploaded by

mnsuol500
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Web Engineering

Lecture 21
User-Defined Functions
(PHP - IV)

1
FUNCTIONS
• In any programming language, it is ability to define
and use functions. The code you want to reuse.

• Format of functions:

function name($arguments) {
statements;
}
• We are talking about User-Defined functions
are functions we define ourselves.

• There are function which is not defined by the


user in fact PHP has made them already.

• We have seen some of those:


• E.g.
str_replace(“quick”, “super-fast”, $thirdString);
EXAMPLE
• str_replace(“quick”, “super-fast”, $thirdString);

• Or if we want to define ourselves the same


function then it would be like this:

• function str_replace($search, $replace, $subject)


{
statement;
statement;
statement;
}
NAME OF FUNCTION
• The name of the function can be just about
what we want, it is similar to the name of
strings.

• It can start from letter, numbers, dashes


and underscore.
EXAMPLE
• <?php
function say_hello() {
echo “Hello World! <br />”;
}
say_hello(); // calling the function
?>
EXAMPLE
• <?php
function say_hello2($word) {
echo “Hello {$word}! <br />”;
}
say_hello2(“Every one”);
?>

• The reason we use argument, we want to


give our function a flexibility. Let say we
again call function say_hello2(“world”);
NOTE
• Function must be defined. If you call a
function which is not defined, it gives an
error.

• Function can not defined more than once.


EXAMPLE
• Passing variable as argument. A variable
just reference to a string.
• <?php
function say_hello2($word) {
echo “Hello {$word}! <br/> ”;
}
?>
$name = “John Doe”;
say_hello2($name);
EXAMPLE
• You can make a function more flexible by using
multiple argument.

• <?php
function say_hello($greeting, $target, $punct);
echo $greeting . “, ” . $target . $punct . “<br/>”;
$name = “John Doe”;
say_hello(“Greetings”, $name, “!”)
?>
EXAMPLE
• <?php
function addition($val1, $val2) {
$sum = $val1 + $val2;
}
echo addition(3, 4);
?>
Return Values
• We call the function, return the $sum value
in new variable.
• <?php
function addition($val1, $val2) {
$sum = $val1 + $val2;
return $sum;
}
$new_val = addition(3, 4);
echo $new_val;
?>
EXAMPLE
• <?php
function addition($val1, $val2) {
$sum = $val1 + $val2;
return $sum;
}
$new_val = addition(3, 4);
echo $new_val;
if (addition(5, 6) == 11) {
echo “Yes”;
}
?>
NOTE
• Make sure you are doing something with
return values.

• Return value return only one value.


EXAMPLE
• Returning more than one value.
• <?php
function add_subt($val1, $val2) {
$add = $val1 + $val2;
$subt = $val1 - $val2;
$result = array($add, $subt);
return $result;
}
$result_array = add_subt(10, 5);
echo “Add ” . $result_array[0] . “<br/>”;
echo “Subt ” . $result_array[1] . “<br/>”;
?>
GLOBAL
• <?php
$bar = “outside”;
function foo() {
$bar = “inside”;
}
foo();
echo $bar . “<br />”;
?>
• Output: outside
EXAMPLE
• Using local variables, arguments and return values
• <?php
$bar = “outside”;
function foo2($var) { // outside
$var = “inside”;
return $var;
}
$bar = foo2($bar); // outside
echo $bar . “<br />”;
?>
• Output: inside
USING GLOBAL
• <?php
$bar = “outside”; // global variable
function foo() {
global $bar;
$bar = “inside”; // local
variable
Go outside the function,
} grasp the global variable
bar, and pulled that in.
foo(); so I can use it inside the
function.
echo $bar . “<br/>”;
?>
DEFAULT VALUE
• <?php
function paint($color = “red”) {
echo “The color of the room is
{$color}.”;
}
paint();
?>
EXAMPLE
• <?php
function paint($room=“office”, $color = “red”) {
echo “The color of the {$room} is {$color}.”;
}
paint(“bedroom”, “blue”);
?>

• Output: The color of the bedroom is blue.

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