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2 views17 pages

kedir

Uploaded by

Kedir Abdurehman
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

For PHW

Prep by Kedir A(HO)

December 06/2024
Module 1:Basic AnatomyAndPhysiology

COURSE CONTENTS
 Definition
 Organization Of The Body
 The Body Regions And Parts
 Body Systems
 Anatomical Position And Directional Terms
 Orientation And Directional Terms
 Body Planes And Sections
 Overview Of The Muscular System
 Overview Of The Skeletal System
 Overview Of The Cardiovascular System
Outline

• Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology


• Definition
• Levels of structural organization
• Cell Structure and Function
• Tissue Level of Organization
• The 11 systems of the human body
Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Definition
Human Anatomy: the word Anatomy derived from Greek word “Ana and tome” which Ana:
means up and tome: to Cut.
It is the science which study of structure that make up the body and How those structures
relate with each other.
Types of Anatomy: there are four types of anatomy
1.Gross Anatomy/Macroscopic
2. Microscopic Anatomy(histology)
3.Comparative/developmental Anatomy
4.Embryology

Physiology: the word physiology derived from a Greek word for study of nature. It is the study of
how the body and its part work or function.
 Human physiology is the scientific study of the chemistry and
physics of the structures of the body.
 Physiology explains how the structures of the body work
together to maintain life.
 It is difficult to study structure (anatomy) without knowledge
of function (physiology).
 The two disciplines are
• typically studied together because form and function are
closely related in all living things.
What is physiology?

• It is the study of how the body and its parts


work or function
 Homeostasis: When structure and function are coordinated the
body achieves a relative stability of its internal environment called
homeostasis / staying the same. Although the external
environmental changes constantly, the internal environment of a
healthy body remains the same with in normal limits. Under normal
conditions, homeostasis is maintained by adaptive mechanisms
ranging from control center in the brain to chemical substances
called hormones that are secreted by various organs directly into the
blood streams. Some of the functions controlled by homeostasis
mechanisms are blood pressure, body temperature, breathing and
heart rate.
Characteristics of life
 Responsiveness – ability of sense change and react
 Movement – change in position of an organism
 Reproduction- process of making a new organism
 Respiration- the process of getting oxygen
 Growth- an increase in body size
 Digestion- complex material changes into simpler material
 Absorption- the passage of a substance through a membrane
 Assimilation- putting molecules together to make a more complex
substances
 circulation- movement of material
 Excretion- getting rid of material
Structural organization of the body

 Atoms molecules and compounds: - At its simplest level, the body is composed of atoms. The
most common elements in living organism are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
phosphorus and sulfur. Atoms → Molecule → Compounds.

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