MATERIAL USED IN

BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION
Building Construction Materials
• Stone
• Brick
• Lime
• Cement
• Metal
• Timber
• Sand
• Aggregates
• Morter
• Concrete
Stones
Requirments of stone…..
• Structure
• Appearance-colour texture
• Weight
• Fineness of grains
• Durability
• Strength
• Hardness
• Facility of working and dressing
Stones
Types of stones are…..
• Igneous rocks, sedimentary rock, metamorphic rocks.
• Stratified, unstratified, foliated.
• Silliceous, argillaceous, calcareous.
Stone
• They are used in hydraulic structures like dams and bridges.
• They are used in retaining wall masonry to retain soil.
• They are used as road metal in road construction.
• They are used to make concrete in the form of coarse aggregate.
• They are used as ballest for permanent way in railways.
Brick
Requirment of bricks….
• The colour of the brick should be red or copper and uniform.
• It should be well brunt in kilns.
• The surface should be even and free from cracks.
• The edges should be sharps.
Brick
Standard sizes of bricks ……

• Conventional/traditional brick: size 23 cm x

11.4 cm x 7.6 cm
• Standard/modular: size: 19 cm x 9 cm x 9
cm
Brick
• Brick are used in wall masonry construction of building.
• Used in brick lintel construction.
• Bats of brick are used in concrete in foundation work.
• They are durable.
• They are low cost material.
• They are possess good strength.
• They are easily available.
• Brick are lit in compared to stone.
Lime
Requirement of lime……
• It should set easily.
• It should have low shrinkage.
• It should not contain impurities.
• It should be moisture resistant.
• It should slake easily with water.
Lime

• It has good workability.

• It stiffens quickly.
• It has low shrinkage.
• It has good resistant to moisture.
• Lime possesses good plasticity.
Cement
Requirment of cement…..
• Cement should not possess of alumina which may reduce strength.
• Not contain alumina in excess as it weakens the cement.
• A very small amount of sulphar is added in cement to make sound
cement.
• It should found cool when touch by hand.
• It should be in fine powder form while checking first finger and
thumb.
Cement
Types of cement…..
• Ordinary Portland cement(OPC)
• Rapid hardening Portland cement
• Quick setting cement
• Pozzuolana Portland cement
• Low heat cement
• Blast furnace cement
• White cement
• Sulphate resisting cement
• Colour cement
Cement
• It is used in making joints for drains, pipes.
• It is used to prepare RCC structure of building by using reinforcement
with cement concrete.
• It is used in construction of buildings, bridge, tanks, domes, flyovers,
dockyard etc.
• It is used to prepare cement mortar for building construction work
like masonry, plaster, painting, flooring etc.
• It is used to prepare cement concrete for various construction works.
Metal
Requirment of metal……
• They should provide sufficient strength to bear the loads coming on
them.
• They should provide resistance to corrosion and wheather actions.
• They should provided resistance to heat and fire.
• They should have good adhesion with cement concrete.
Metal
• Ferrous metals

1. Pig iron
2. Cast iron
3. Wrought iron
4. Steel
• Non ferrous metals

1. Aluminum
2. Copper
3. Magnesium
4. Nickel
Timber
Requirment of timber…….
• It should be dense.
• It should have uniform texture.
• It should have uniform color.
• It should be workable, good machinability.
• The medullary ray should be compact.
Timber
Types of timber……
• Natural timber

Babul, oak, pine, mango, sal, teak, neem, palms, chir.

• Industrial timber

Veneers, plywood, fiberboard, impreg timber, compreg timber.

Timber
Uses…..
• railways sleepers, bridges, pipes.
• Furniture, decoratives pieces, doors.
• Packing material, piles, cart wheels.
• Poles, pen, rafter.
• Roofs, partition walls, boats etc.
Sand
• It should be clean .
• It should be well graded.
• Maximum permissible clay content is 3 to 4% in sand.
• It should contain sharp, angular grains.
• It should not contain salts which attract moisture from the
atmosphere.
• Sand is useful in various construction activites like masonry work,
plaster work, flooring and concrete work.
• Sand is used in cement mortar, plan cement concrete, reinforced
cement concrete and prestressed concrete as key ingredient in
building construction.
Sand
• It is naturally available material.
• It is durable.
• It mix with binding material easily.
• It has shiny luster.
• It is of whitish brown colour.
Sand
Types of sands…….
• Natural

Natural sand is obtained from pits, river beds and sea beds.
• Artifical

Artifical sand is formed by decomposition of sandstone due to various

wheathering effect.
Aggregates
Requirments of aggregates…..
• Aggregates should be sufficiently strong.
• Aggregates surface should be rough and free from cracks.
• Aggregates should have good soundness.
• Aggregates should have good adhering with binding material.
• Fine aggregates are used to prepare cement mortar, lime mortar and
cement concrete.
• Course aggregates are used to prepare cement concrete bituminous
pavement, rigid pavement etc.
• They are used in construction of beams, columns, slab, lintel etc.
Aggregates
• Fine aggregates

Size of aggregates is 4.75 mm or less is termed as fine aggregates.

• Coarse aggregates

Size of aggregates 80 mm to 4.75 mm is known as coarse.

Aggregates
• They are insoluble in water.
• They are of moderate weight.
• They are strong and durable.
• They have resistance to scratches.
• They have resistance to corrosion and decay.
Mortar
Requirment of mortar……
• It should have good adhesion with bricks, stones.
• It should resist penetration of rain water.
• It should be cheap, durable and workable.
• It should be set quickly.
• The joints formed by mortar should not develop cracks.
Concrete
CONCRETE is a composite material in which a binding material mixed
with water, fine and coarse aggregates.

CEMENT and LIME are generally used as binding materials.

sand cinder is used as fine aggregates.

crushed stones , gravel , broken bricks , clinkers are used as

coarse aggregates.
Types of concrete and its uses
Concrete are classified into different types :

1. According to binding material used in concrete

2. According to design of concrete

CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO BINDING
MATERIAL
There are two types of concrete :
(1) Cement concrete (2) Lime concrete

CEMENT CONCRETE LIME CONCRETE

In this concrete cement is The consisting of lime , fine

binding material. It consisting aggregate , and coarse
of cement , sand and coarse aggregates mixed in a
aggregate mixed suitable suitable proportions with
proportions in water is called water is called lime
cement concrete. concrete.

USES – buildings , roads , USES – sake of economy in

dams etc. foundation works , under
floors , over roof.
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO DESIGN
OF CONCRETE
There are three types of concrete according to
their design :-

(1)Plain cement concrete

(2)Reinforced cement concrete (RCC)
(3)Pre-stressed cement concrete (PCC)

(1) PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE

• No reinforced is provided
•It is strong in compressive stresses
•It is weak in taking tensile stresses

•USES – foundation work , flooring , etc.

 REINFORCED PRE- STRESSED
CEMENT CONCRTE CEMENT CONCRETE
(RCC) (PCC)

•In this concrete reinforced (steel) • It is a form of concrete where

is embedded for taking tensile initial compression is given in
stress. the concrete before applying
the external load so that
•Its tensile and compressive stress • stress from external loads is
is very strong. counteracted in the desired way
during the eservice period.
•USES – slabs, beam , column,
foundation, etc. • USES – floor, beams, piles and
railway sleepers water tanks
runways etc.
Qualities of good concrete
• STRENGTH – concrete should be able to withstand the stresses and
strong in compression but weak in tension.

• DURABILITY – concrete durable resist the effect of weathering

agents.

• DENSITY – it should be well compacted and there are no voids.

• RESISTANCE TO WEAR AND TEAR - concrete should be withstand

abrasive forces.
Prepared By
• 10521376 SATYAM UPADHYAY
• 10521379 SAURABH KUMAR
• 10521387 SHANKAR PRASAD
• 10521390 SHIVA
• 10521391 SHIVAM
• 10521393 SHIVAM
• 10521405 SHRIYANSH MISHRA
• 10521407 SHUBHAM VERMA
• 10521417 SOURAV
• 10521424 SUMIT