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Introduction of internet and www

Introduction of internet and www

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22 views

Introduction of internet and www

Introduction of internet and www

Uploaded by

nwe lay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to the Internet and World Wide Web

The Internet and the Web


University of Computer Studies

HTML Group

Department of Information Technology


Supporting and Maintenance
The Internet

 The Internet, the interconnected network of computer networks that spans the globe, seems to be
everywhere today.
 It is the vast network of networks that allows users to connect, and share data and communication in
real-time.
Intranets and Extranets
Intranet

 A private network contained within an organization or business used to share information and
resources among coworkers.
 The Intranet is more safe and secure.

Extranet

 A private network that securely shares part of an organization’s information or operations with
external partners.
Internet, Extranet and Intranet Core Differences
World Wide Web (www) web
 The web invented by English computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee while working at Europe
Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).
 www is an information system enabling documents and other web resources to be accessed over the
internet.
 www is using standardized protocols such as HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP.
The WWW

Web site

Web pages

Web
Web arcs
contents
Web Standards and Accessibility
World Wide Web Consortium-W3C

 The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an international community that develops open
standards to ensure the long-term growth of the Web.
 Web Standard- HTTP, HTML, CSS, JS
Network Overview
 Network is consists of two or more computers connected for the purpose of communicating and sharing
resources.
 Common components of a network are
 Server computers
 Client workstation computer(s)
 Shared devices such as printers
 Networking devices (router and switch)
and the media that connect them
Figure 1: Common components of a network
Types of Network

Local Area Network (LAN)

 A LAN is a computer network that consists of access points, cables, routers, and switches.
 Devices to connect to web servers and internal servers within a single building, campus, or home network.
Types of Network
Wide Area Network (WAN)
 A wide area network (WAN) is a large computer network that is not connected to a single place.
 WANs permit communication, information sharing, and more between devices worldwide.
 The set of connecting links between local area network LAN.
 Eg. Internet
The Client/ Server Model
 describe a relationship between two computer programs – the “client” and the “server”

Client

 requests some type of service (such as a file or database access) from the server

Server

 fulfills the request and transmits the results to the client over a network
The Internet Client/Server Model
 Client– Web Browser
 Server– Web Server

Figure 2: Web client and web server


Web Client

 Connected to the Internet when needed


 Usually runs web browser (client) software such as Internet Explorer or Firefox
 Uses HTTP
 Requests web pages from a server
 Receives web pages and files from a server

Figure 3: Web client


Web Server

 Continually connected to the Internet


 Runs web server software (such as Apache or Internet Information Server)
 Uses HTTP
 Receives a request for the web page
 Responds to the request and transmits
the status code, web page, and associated files

Figure 4: Web Server


Internet Protocols
Protocols
 Protocol is a set of rules that governs the communications between computers on a network.
 Types of Protocols:
 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
 Internet Protocol (IP)
 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
 Post office Protocol (POP)
 Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP)
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
Internet Protocols

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)


TCP is a popular communication protocol that is used for communicating over a network.

Internet Protocol (IP)


IP is designed explicitly as an addressing protocol. It is mostly used with TCP. TCP/IP is the most popular
protocol connecting the networks.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)


UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless, unreliable transport layer protocol. UDP is typically used
for real-time applications such as streaming video and audio, and online gaming.

Post office Protocol (POP)


POP3 is designed for receiving incoming E-mails.
Internet Protocols
Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP)
SMTP is designed to send and distribute outgoing E-Mail.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)


FTP allows users to transfer files from one machine to another. Types of files may include program files, multimedia files,
text files, and documents, etc.

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)


HTTP protocol is used to transfer hypertexts over the internet and it is defined by the www(world wide web) for
information transfer.

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)


HTTPS is used for secure communication over a computer network with the protocol for encryption and authentication.
Uniform Resource Identifiers

URI - Uniform Resource Identifier

 A URI or Uniform Resource Identifier is a string identifier that refers to a resource on the internet.
 A URI has two subsets; URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and URN (Uniform Resource Number).
 A URI contains scheme, authority, path, query, and a fragment.
 The Syntax of URI: scheme:[//authority]path[?query][#fragment]
• https://example.com/page#section2
• In this example, ‘#section2’ indicates a specific section within the web page identified by the ID ‘section2’.
Uniform Resource Identifiers

URL - Uniform Resource Locator


 A URL is used to find the location of the resource on the web.
 A URL uses a protocol for accessing the resource, which can be HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, etc.
 Eg: https://google.com.
Domain Name System (DNS)
 DNS, breaks the website address (URL) into segments and queries multiple servers that contain those
bits of information.
 Domain Name System, translates human readable domain names (for example, www.amazon.com) to
machine readable IP addresses (for example, 192.0.2.44).

Figure 3: Domain Name System


References

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