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Lecture - 24

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6 views

Lecture - 24

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nehasidar152
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BELT CONVEYOR TYPES

 Permanent: This type of conveyors is installed so as to serve the entire life of the mine. They are used in
main line, slope, long overland installation, preparation plants and stockpiles.

 Portable: These are characterized by relative ease of assembling and disassembling to facilitate advances
and recovery in development and retreat operations in underground mining. Portable conveyors mounted
on crawler or wheels are also used in mechanized quarries and surface mines.

 Shiftable: Used in continuous surface mining. This type of conveyor is mounted on skid or supporting
structures aligned together and they can be shifted transversely to follow the advancing working face.

 High Angle Conveyor: These are special type of conveyor belt arrangement used for negotiating steeper
angle of inclination. Such belts can work in slope up to 70°-80°. Sandwich belt conveyor is a type of such
belt conveyor.

 Cable Belt Conveyor: Where the belt is carried on moving wire ropes and the tractive force is applied
through the rope to the belt is known as cable belt conveyor. NALCO (in collaboration with France) is
using such system for long distance conveying of bauxite in their mines in Orissa.
BELT CONVEYOR MAINTENANCE

 Maintenance of this system involves number of routine works.


 Inspection of the various components and initiating timely repair or servicing of these components in case any
default is noticed is of premier importance.

BELT CLEANERS

 Belt cleaners are required for both the carrying side and the non carrying side of the belt.
 Material falling on the non-carrying side of the belt needs to be arrested before it get trapped in the tail pulley to
cause damage to the lagging and sway of the belt. The carrying side needs cleaning when carried material is sticky in
nature.
 To deflect the material coming on the non-carrying side deflector belt plows are used. Such plows can be selected
from number of available sources or can be locally made considering that the rubber used in it should be softer than
the surface of the belt conveyor.
 It must be easy to install and maintain.
APPLICATION OF BELT CONVEYOR SYSTEM

1. A wider range of material can be handled which pause problems in other transportation means. Belt conveyor can be
used for abrasive, wet, dry, sticky or dirty material. The lump size of the transported material is limited by the width of
the belt. Belts up to 2500mm wide are used in mining industry.

2. Higher capacity can be handled than any other form of conveyance at a considerably lower cost per tonne kilometre.
Conveyor belts with capacity of 11,000t/h and even higher can be deployed to match with higher capacity mining
machinery.

3. Longer distances can be covered more economically than any other transportation system. A single belt conveyor or a
series of belt conveyors can do this. Belt conveyors can be adopted for cross-country laying.

4. By the use of many forms of ancillary equipment such as mobile trippers or spreaders bulk material can be distributed and
deposited whenever required.

5. Many other functions can be performed with the basic conveying like weighing, sorting, picking, sampling, blending,
spraying, cooling, drying etc.

6. Structurally it is one of the lightest forms of conveying machine. It is comparatively cheaper and can be used for
transportation across rivers, streets, valleys etc.
7. The belt conveyor can be adopted for special purposes (fire resistant, wear resistant, corrosion resistant, high
angle negotiation etc.) and can be integrated with other equipment.

8. It can be horizontal, incline or decline or combination of all.

9. Minimum labour is required for the operation and maintenance of belt conveyor system.

10. In underground mine transport, belt conveyor can be used in thin seams as it eliminates the rock works that
might otherwise be required to gain haulage height. Moreover, belt conveyor can provide continuous haulage
service from pit bottom to the surface.
LIMITATIONS OF CONVEYOR BELT

1. The loading and transfer points need to be properly designed.


2. Number of protective devices have to be incorporated to save the belt from getting damaged by operational
problems.
3. The belt needs higher initial tension (40-200% of useful pull).
4. The use of belt is restricted by the lump size.
5. Conveying of sticky material is associated with problems of cleaning and discharge causing poor
productivity.
6. Higher elongation of the belt (4% elongation may take place at the working load).
BELT CONVEYORS - MERITS AND DEMERITS
Merits….
 Supreme in handling mineral, overburden, rocks etc.
 Economically viable when the grades, depths, distances and tonnages are very high.
 More energy efficient
 Continuous material flow
 Insensitive to weather condition, like fog. rain etc.
 Safety of operation and reliability
 Low labor and low energy requirements are fundamental with belt conveyors as compared with other means of
transportation.
 The reliability of belt conveyors has been proved over decades and in every industry.
 Belt conveyors are environmentally more acceptable than other means of transport. They neither pollutes the air nor
deafens the ears.
 Conveying of a wide variety of materials is possible with belt conveyor
 Belt conveyors can deliver materials to a great distance from the loading point covering all odd terrain.
Demerits….
 Their use imposes a strict discipline on mine planning, as their benches are to be straight and their advanve
should be synchronous
 High capital investment
 High power consumption
 Grade control can also be a problem
 Any breakdown in one part will stop the transportation system

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