ME 156

COMPUTER AIDED TECHNICAL DRAWİNG II

Dr. Sergen TÜMSE
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Cukurova University Engineering Faculty
 SECTION VIEWS
a) By drawing a sufficient view of an object, its external shape can be specified.
However, the parts are not always found full.
b) It is often seen that the inner parts of the pieces are empty. The drawn views are
insufficient to indicate the interior parts of the part.
c) In addition, the figure may become complicated by the combination of many
dashed lines drawn to indicate the interior of the object.
 SECTION VIEWS
a) Just specifying the shape of the parts is not sufficient for manufacturing. It is
mandatory to provide information about all dimensions of the part.
b) In order to eliminate all these negativities, the object is cut in such a way that
the desired area on the inside can be seen. (The piece will not be actually cut, it
will be assumed to have been cut and its inside seen.)
c) When the piece remaining in front of the section plane passing through the cut
area is removed and thrown away, its appearance is drawn by looking at the
remaining piece from the front. This view is called as section view.
a)As seen in the figure above, the invisible edges of the object, shown with dashed lines, have been made visible by taking a
section of the object.
b) In technical drawing, since dimensions cannot be given to dashed lines, the measurement of the parts where the
appearance cannot be measured has been ensured, and there is no need to draw the top view of the object by taking a
section.
 PROPERTIES OF SECTION VIEWS
Hatching Surfaces
a) Considering that the object is cut with a knife or saw, the areas where the
cutting tool surface touches the object's surface (surfaces in contact with the
cutting plane) should be hatched with hatching lines as shown in the previous
figure.
 PROPERTIES OF SECTION VIEWS
Cutting Plane and Line of Cutting Plane
a) The plane assumed to divide the object for obtaining its sectional view is referred to as the cutting plane in order
to obtain the sectional view of the object.
b) This plane is essentially represented by an axis line with end portions having the main line thickness. Two arrows
are drawn at both ends of this line, pointing inward, with a distance of 2-4 mm inside, depending on the scale of the
drawing.
c) The direction of the arrows indicates the viewing direction of the cut section. The portion on the opposite side of
the arrow directions is the section that has been cut.
d) The ends of the cutting plane line are labeled with capital letters, as shown in the figure, and the cutting plane is
named accordingly. (It is labeled with the letters A-A in the figure).
e) By writing the section A-A at an appropriate location on the sectional view
of the part, it is indicated that this view is obtained by cutting the part with the
A-A cutting plane.
 HATCHING LINES
a) Lines drawn with a continuous thin line at a specific angle are called hatch lines,
and they are used to indicate the cut surface and explain the material from which
the parts are made.
b) Although hatch lines provide information about the material of the object,
generally, hatch lines specific to cast iron are used for all metallic materials.
Thickness of Hatching Lines
c) They are continuous thin line and half of the main line thickness.
d) For example, if the thickness of main lines is 0.5 mm then the thickness of
hatching lines is 0.25 mm.
Angle and Space of Hatching Lines
a) Usually drawn at equal intervals and with equal slope, typically at a 45-degree
angle from the horizontal.
b) In some cases, to facilitate the reading of the drawing, hatch lines can also be
drawn with slopes of 30° and 60°.
c) Line intervals should generally be between 2-3 mm on average. For very small
parts, it can be 0.75 mm, and for very large parts, it can be 5 mm.
Hatching of Adjacent Components in Assembly Views
a) To distinguish the sectional surfaces of adjacent parts (parts that are adjacent to
each other), they should be hatched in the opposite direction and with different
intervals.
b) Additionally, hatch lines should not intersect with each other on the main line.
Hatching Lines on Large Areas
a) In sectional drawings of large parts, hatching the entire section surface can be
time-consuming. Therefore, for such surfaces, only the parts near the main lines, as
seen in the figure, should be hatched.
Hatching Lines on Thin Sections
a) When pieces of thin thickness are cut, it may not be possible to hatch their
surfaces with normal hatching lines.
b) In such cases, the cut surfaces are painted.
c) When drawing several thin pieces together, a narrow gap should be left between
them.
Hatching Lines on Numbers Written in Pieces
a) To write letters or numbers that cannot be taken outside, scanning lines should
be cut to make space.
Hatching of Hollow Parts
a) The correct and incorrect hatching of the hollow part is illustrated in the figure.
As shown in Figure a, it should be hatched in the same direction.
 SECTION TYPES
1) Full Section
a) If the section plane cuts the object through its center and from end to end, the obtained section is a full section.
b) Generally, the section plane is passed through the axis of symmetry.
c) The sectioned view provides all the inner details, better than the unsectioned view with dotted lines for inner
details.
d) It may be noted that, in order to obtain a sectional view, only one half of the object is imagined to be removed,
but is not actually shown removed anywhere.
a) Full section is obtained by imagining the object, as if cut by a cutting plane and
the portion between the observer and the section plane being removed.
b) Figure a shows an object, with the cutting plane passing through it and Figure b,
the two halves drawn apart, exposing the interior details.
a) As I said before, The sectioned view provides all the inner details, better than the
unsectioned view with dotted lines for inner details . The cutting plane is
represented by its trace in the view from the front and the direction of sight to
obtain the sectional view is represented by the arrows.
a) The figure demonstrated below represents the correct and incorrect ways of
representing a sectional view. Sections are used primarily to replace hidden line
representation, hence, as a rule, hidden lines are omitted in the sectional views.